[release-branch.go1.24] crypto/x509: avoid panic when parsing partial PKCS#1 private keys

These keys are off-spec, but have historically been accepted by
ParsePKCS1PrivateKey.

Thanks to Philippe Antoine (Catena cyber) for reporting this issue.

Fixes #71216
Fixes CVE-2025-22865

Change-Id: I6a6a46564156fa32e29e8d6acbec3fbac47c7352
Reviewed-on: https://go-internal-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/1820
Reviewed-by: Tatiana Bradley <tatianabradley@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Neil <dneil@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Roland Shoemaker <bracewell@google.com>
(cherry picked from commit 36c6c8b6957e155770461fd710aea9477ef3bc88)
Reviewed-on: https://go-internal-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/1841
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/643102
Auto-Submit: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>

src/crypto/x509/pkcs1.go

@@ -72,7 +72,9 @@ func ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(der []byte) (*rsa.PrivateKey, error) {
 	}
 
 	if priv.N.Sign() <= 0 || priv.D.Sign() <= 0 || priv.P.Sign() <= 0 || priv.Q.Sign() <= 0 ||
-		priv.Dp.Sign() <= 0 || priv.Dq.Sign() <= 0 || priv.Qinv.Sign() <= 0 {
+		priv.Dp != nil && priv.Dp.Sign() <= 0 ||
+		priv.Dq != nil && priv.Dq.Sign() <= 0 ||
+		priv.Qinv != nil && priv.Qinv.Sign() <= 0 {
 		return nil, errors.New("x509: private key contains zero or negative value")
 	}
 

src/crypto/x509/x509_test.go

@@ -59,6 +59,32 @@ func TestParsePKCS1PrivateKey(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(data); err == nil {
 		t.Errorf("parsing invalid private key did not result in an error")
 	}
+
+	// A partial key without CRT values should still parse.
+	b, _ := asn1.Marshal(struct {
+		Version int
+		N       *big.Int
+		E       int
+		D       *big.Int
+		P       *big.Int
+		Q       *big.Int
+	}{
+		N: priv.N,
+		E: priv.PublicKey.E,
+		D: priv.D,
+		P: priv.Primes[0],
+		Q: priv.Primes[1],
+	})
+	p2, err := ParsePKCS1PrivateKey(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parsing partial private key resulted in an error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !p2.Equal(priv) {
+		t.Errorf("partial private key did not match original key")
+	}
+	if p2.Precomputed.Dp == nil || p2.Precomputed.Dq == nil || p2.Precomputed.Qinv == nil {
+		t.Errorf("precomputed values not recomputed")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestPKCS1MismatchPublicKeyFormat(t *testing.T) {