Long ago we decided that panic(nil) was too unlikely to bother
making a special case for purposes of recover. Unfortunately,
it has turned out not to be a special case. There are many examples
of code in the Go ecosystem where an author has written panic(nil)
because they want to panic and don't care about the panic value.
Using panic(nil) in this case has the unfortunate behavior of
making recover behave as though the goroutine isn't panicking.
As a result, code like:
func f() {
defer func() {
if err := recover(); err != nil {
log.Fatalf("panicked! %v", err)
}
}()
call1()
call2()
}
looks like it guarantees that call2 has been run any time f returns,
but that turns out not to be strictly true. If call1 does panic(nil),
then f returns "successfully", having recovered the panic, but
without calling call2.
Instead you have to write something like:
func f() {
done := false
defer func() {
if err := recover(); !done {
log.Fatalf("panicked! %v", err)
}
}()
call1()
call2()
done = true
}
which defeats nearly the whole point of recover. No one does this,
with the result that almost all uses of recover are subtly broken.
One specific broken use along these lines is in net/http, which
recovers from panics in handlers and sends back an HTTP error.
Users discovered in the early days of Go that panic(nil) was a
convenient way to jump out of a handler up to the serving loop
without sending back an HTTP error. This was a bug, not a feature.
Go 1.8 added panic(http.ErrAbortHandler) as a better way to access the feature.
Any lingering code that uses panic(nil) to abort an HTTP handler
without a failure message should be changed to use http.ErrAbortHandler.
Programs that need the old, unintended behavior from net/http
or other packages can set GODEBUG=panicnil=1 to stop the run-time error.
Uses of recover that want to detect panic(nil) in new programs
can check for recover returning a value of type *runtime.PanicNilError.
Because the new GODEBUG is used inside the runtime, we can't
import internal/godebug, so there is some new machinery to
cross-connect those in this CL, to allow a mutable GODEBUG setting.
That won't be necessary if we add any other mutable GODEBUG settings
in the future. The CL also corrects the handling of defaulted GODEBUG
values in the runtime, for #56986.
Fixes#25448.
Change-Id: I2b39c7e83e4f7aa308777dabf2edae54773e03f5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/461956
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Auto-Submit: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Change-Id: I69065f8adf101fdb28682c55997f503013a50e29
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/449757
Auto-Submit: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Joedian Reid <joedian@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Joedian Reid <joedian@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>
We have been expanding our use of GODEBUG for compatibility,
and the current implementation forces a tradeoff between
freshness and efficiency. It parses the environment variable
in full each time it is called, which is expensive. But if clients
cache the result, they won't respond to run-time GODEBUG
changes, as happened with x509sha1 (#56436).
This CL changes the GODEBUG API to provide efficient,
up-to-date results. Instead of a single Get function,
New returns a *godebug.Setting that itself has a Get method.
Clients can save the result of New, which is no more expensive
than errors.New, in a global variable, and then call that
variable's Get method to get the value. Get costs only two
atomic loads in the case where the variable hasn't changed
since the last call.
Unfortunately, these changes do require importing sync
from godebug, which will mean that sync itself will never
be able to use a GODEBUG setting. That doesn't seem like
such a hardship. If it was really necessary, the runtime could
pass a setting to package sync itself at startup, with the
caveat that that setting, like the ones used by runtime itself,
would not respond to run-time GODEBUG changes.
Change-Id: I99a3acfa24fb2a692610af26a5d14bbc62c966ac
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/449504
Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Auto-Submit: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
The immediate reason is that we want to use godebug from math/rand,
and math/rand importing godebug importing os causes an import cycle
in package testing.
More generally, the new approach to backward compatibility outlined
in discussion #55090 will require using this package from other similarly
sensitive places, perhaps even package os itself. Best to remove all
dependencies.
Preparation for #54880.
Change-Id: Ia01657a2d90e707a8121a336c9db3b7247c0198f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/439418
Auto-Submit: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Measure the average stack size used by goroutines at every GC. When
starting a new goroutine, allocate an initial goroutine stack of that
average size. Intuition is that we'll waste at most 2x in stack space
because only half the goroutines can be below average. In turn, we
avoid some of the early stack growth / copying needed in the average
case.
More details in the design doc at: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YDlGIdVTPnmUiTAavlZxBI1d9pwGQgZT7IKFKlIXohQ/edit?usp=sharing
name old time/op new time/op delta
Issue18138 95.3µs ± 0% 67.3µs ±13% -29.35% (p=0.000 n=9+10)
Fixes#18138
Change-Id: Iba34d22ed04279da7e718bbd569bbf2734922eaa
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/345889
Run-TryBot: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@google.com>
This gives explicit names to the possible states of throwing (-1, 0, 1).
m.throwing is now one of:
throwTypeOff: not throwing, previously == 0
throwTypeUser: user throw, previously == -1
throwTypeRuntime: runtime throw, previously == 1
For runtime throws, we now always include frame metadata and system
goroutines regardless of GOTRACEBACK to aid in debugging the runtime.
For user throws, we no longer include frame metadata or runtime frames,
unless GOTRACEBACK=system or higher.
For #51485.
Change-Id: If252e2377a0b6385ce7756b937929be4273a56c0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/390421
Run-TryBot: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
A future change to gofmt will rewrite
// Doc comment.
//go:foo
to
// Doc comment.
//
//go:foo
Apply that change preemptively to all comments (not necessarily just doc comments).
For #51082.
Change-Id: Iffe0285418d1e79d34526af3520b415a12203ca9
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/384260
Trust: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
This change adds a new debug flag that makes the runtime map pages
PROT_NONE in sysUnused on Linux, in addition to the usual madvise calls.
This behavior mimics the behavior of decommit on Windows, and is helpful
in debugging the scavenger. sysUsed is also updated to re-map the pages
as PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, mimicing Windows' explicit commit behavior.
Change-Id: Iaac5fcd0e6920bd1d0e753dd4e7f0c0b128fe842
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/356612
Trust: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>
In Go 1.12, we changed the runtime to use MADV_FREE when available on
Linux (falling back to MADV_DONTNEED) in CL 135395 to address issue
#23687. While MADV_FREE is somewhat faster than MADV_DONTNEED, it
doesn't affect many of the statistics that MADV_DONTNEED does until
the memory is actually reclaimed under OS memory pressure. This
generally leads to poor user experience, like confusing stats in top
and other monitoring tools; and bad integration with management
systems that respond to memory usage.
We've seen numerous issues about this user experience, including
#41818, #39295, #37585, #33376, and #30904, many questions on Go
mailing lists, and requests for mechanisms to change this behavior at
run-time, such as #40870. There are also issues that may be a result
of this, but root-causing it can be difficult, such as #41444 and
#39174. And there's some evidence it may even be incompatible with
Android's process management in #37569.
This CL changes the default to prefer MADV_DONTNEED over MADV_FREE, to
favor user-friendliness and minimal surprise over performance. I think
it's become clear that Linux's implementation of MADV_FREE ultimately
doesn't meet our needs. We've also made many improvements to the
scavenger since Go 1.12. In particular, it is now far more prompt and
it is self-paced, so it will simply trickle memory back to the system
a little more slowly with this change. This can still be overridden by
setting GODEBUG=madvdontneed=0.
Fixes#42330 (meta-issue).
Fixes#41818, #39295, #37585, #33376, #30904 (many of which were
already closed as "working as intended").
Change-Id: Ib6aa7f2dc8419b32516cc5a5fc402faf576c92e4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/267100
Trust: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Setting inittrace=1 causes the runtime to emit a single line to standard error for
each package with init work, summarizing the execution time and memory allocation.
The emitted debug information for init functions can be used to find bottlenecks
or regressions in Go startup performance.
Packages with no init function work (user defined or compiler generated) are omitted.
Tracing plugin inits is not supported as they can execute concurrently. This would
make the implementation of tracing more complex while adding support for a very rare
use case. Plugin inits can be traced separately by testing a main package importing
the plugins package imports explicitly.
$ GODEBUG=inittrace=1 go test
init internal/bytealg @0.008 ms, 0 ms clock, 0 bytes, 0 allocs
init runtime @0.059 ms, 0.026 ms clock, 0 bytes, 0 allocs
init math @0.19 ms, 0.001 ms clock, 0 bytes, 0 allocs
init errors @0.22 ms, 0.004 ms clock, 0 bytes, 0 allocs
init strconv @0.24 ms, 0.002 ms clock, 32 bytes, 2 allocs
init sync @0.28 ms, 0.003 ms clock, 16 bytes, 1 allocs
init unicode @0.44 ms, 0.11 ms clock, 23328 bytes, 24 allocs
...
Inspired by stapelberg@google.com who instrumented doInit
in a prototype to measure init times with GDB.
Fixes#41378
Change-Id: Ic37c6a0cfc95488de9e737f5e346b8dbb39174e1
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/254659
Trust: Martin Möhrmann <moehrmann@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Martin Möhrmann <moehrmann@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
The runtime has its own implementation of string indexing. To reduce
code duplication and cognitive load, replace this with calls to the
internal/bytealg package. We can't do this on Plan 9 because it needs
string indexing in a note handler (which isn't allowed to use the
optimized bytealg version because it uses SSE), so we can't just
eliminate the index function, but this CL does down-scope it so make
it clear it's only for note handlers on Plan 9.
Change-Id: Ie1a142678262048515c481e8c26313b80c5875df
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/244537
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>
Having an mcache field in both m and p is confusing, so remove it from m.
Always use mcache field from p. Use new variable mcache0 during bootstrap.
Change-Id: If2cba9f8bb131d911d512b61fd883a86cf62cc98
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/205239
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Currently, scavenging information is printed if the gctrace debug
variable is >0. Scavenging information is also printed naively, for
every page scavenged, resulting in a lot of noise when the typical
expectation for GC trace is one line per GC.
This change adds a new GODEBUG flag called scavtrace which prints
scavenge information roughly once per GC cycle and removes any scavenge
information from gctrace. The exception is debug.FreeOSMemory, which may
force an additional line to be printed.
Fixes#32952.
Change-Id: I4177dcb85fe3f9653fd74297ea93c97c389c1811
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/212640
Run-TryBot: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
After golang.org/cl/210124, I wondered if the same error had gone
unnoticed elsewhere. I quickly spotted another dozen mistakes after
reading through the output of:
git grep '\<[Aa]n [bcdfgjklmnpqrtvwyz][a-z]'
Many results are false positives for acronyms like "an mtime", since
it's pronounced "an em-time". However, the total amount of output isn't
that large given how simple the grep pattern is.
Change-Id: Iaa2ca69e42f4587a9e3137d6c5ed758887906ca6
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/210678
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Zach Jones <zachj1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
This doesn't do anything yet, but it will provide a way to disable
non-cooperative preemption.
For #10958, #24543.
Change-Id: Ifdef303f103eabd0922ced8d9bebbd5f0aa2cda4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/201757
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
The general code for setting a timespec value sometimes used set_nsec
and sometimes used a combination of set_sec and set_nsec. Standardize
on a setNsec function that takes a number of nanoseconds and splits
them up to set the tv_sec and tv_nsec fields. Consistently mark
setNsec as go:nosplit, since it has to be that way on some systems
including Darwin and GNU/Linux. Consistently use timediv on 32-bit
systems to help stay within split-stack limits on processors that
don't have a 64-bit division instruction.
Change-Id: I6396bb7ddbef171a96876bdeaf7a1c585a6d725b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/167389
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
to be used by errors package for checking assignability
and setting error values in As.
Updates #29934.
Change-Id: I8c1d02a2c6efa0919d54b286cfe8b4edc26da059
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/161759
Run-TryBot: Marcel van Lohuizen <mpvl@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
In runtime.gopanic, the _panic object p is stack allocated and
referenced from gp._panic. With stack objects, p on stack is dead
at the point preprintpanics runs. gp._panic points to p, but
stack scan doesn't look at gp. Heap scan of gp does look at
gp._panic, but it stops and ignores the pointer as it points to
the stack. So whatever p points to may be collected and clobbered.
We need to scan gp._panic explicitly during stack scan.
To test it reliably, we introduce a GODEBUG mode "clobberfree",
which clobbers the memory content when the GC frees an object.
Fixes#30150.
Change-Id: I11128298f03a89f817faa221421a9d332b41dced
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/161778
Run-TryBot: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Currently, setting GODEBUG=gcrescanstacks=1 enables a debugging mode
where the garbage collector re-scans goroutine stacks during mark
termination. This was introduced in Go 1.8 to debug the hybrid write
barrier, but I don't think we ever used it.
Now it's one of the last sources of mark work during mark termination.
This CL removes it.
Updates #26903. This is preparation for unifying STW GC and concurrent
GC.
Updates #17503.
Change-Id: I6ae04d3738aa9c448e6e206e21857a33ecd12acf
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/134777
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
At the very beginning of timediv, inside a for loop,
we reduce the base value by at most (1<<31)-1, while
incrementing the quotient result by 1<<uint(bit).
However, since the quotient value was 0 to begin with,
we are essentially just doing bitsets.
This change is in the hot path of various concurrency and
scheduling operations that require sleeping, waiting
on mutexes and futexes etc. On the following OSes:
* Dragonfly
* FreeBSD
* Linux
* NetBSD
* OpenBSD
* Plan9
* Windows
and paired with architectures that provide the BTS instruction, this
change shaves off a couple of nanoseconds per invocation of timediv.
Fixes#27529
Change-Id: Ia2fea5022c1109e02d86d1f962a3b0bd70967aa6
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/134231
Run-TryBot: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Currently, collecting a stack trace via runtime.Stack captures the stack for the
immediately running goroutines. This change extends those tracebacks to include
the tracebacks of their ancestors. This is done with a low memory cost and only
utilized when debug option tracebackancestors is set to a value greater than 0.
Resolves#22289
Change-Id: I7edacc62b2ee3bd278600c4a21052c351f313f3a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/70993
Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
This implements runtime support for buffered write barriers on amd64.
The buffered write barrier has a fast path that simply enqueues
pointers in a per-P buffer. Unlike the current write barrier, this
fast path is *not* a normal Go call and does not require the compiler
to spill general-purpose registers or put arguments on the stack. When
the buffer fills up, the write barrier takes the slow path, which
spills all general purpose registers and flushes the buffer. We don't
allow safe-points or stack splits while this frame is active, so it
doesn't matter that we have no type information for the spilled
registers in this frame.
One minor complication is cgocheck=2 mode, which uses the write
barrier to detect Go pointers being written to non-Go memory. We
obviously can't buffer this, so instead we set the buffer to its
minimum size, forcing the write barrier into the slow path on every
call. For this specific case, we pass additional information as
arguments to the flush function. This also requires enabling the cgo
write barrier slightly later during runtime initialization, after Ps
(and the per-P write barrier buffers) have been initialized.
The code in this CL is not yet active. The next CL will modify the
compiler to generate calls to the new write barrier.
This reduces the average cost of the write barrier by roughly a factor
of 4, which will pay for the cost of having it enabled more of the
time after we make the GC pacer less aggressive. (Benchmarks will be
in the next CL.)
Updates #14951.
Updates #22460.
Change-Id: I396b5b0e2c5e5c4acfd761a3235fd15abadc6cb1
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/73711
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
The only non test user of the assembler prefetch functions is the
heapBits.prefetch function which is itself unused.
The runtime prefetch functions have no functionality on most platforms
and are not inlineable since they are written in assembler. The function
call overhead eliminates the performance gains that could be achieved with
prefetching and would degrade performance for platforms where the functions
are no-ops.
If prefetch functions are needed back again later they can be improved
by avoiding the function call overhead and implementing them as intrinsics.
Change-Id: I52c553cf3607ffe09f0441c6e7a0a818cb21117d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/44370
Run-TryBot: Martin Möhrmann <moehrmann@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Removing stray xori that came from big endian copy/paste.
Adding atomicand8 check to runtime.check() that would have revealed
this error.
Might fix#19396.
Change-Id: If8d6f25d3e205496163541eb112548aa66df9c2a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38257
Run-TryBot: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Now that we don't rescan stacks, stack barriers are unnecessary. This
removes all of the code and structures supporting them as well as
tests that were specifically for stack barriers.
Updates #17503.
Change-Id: Ia29221730e0f2bbe7beab4fa757f31a032d9690c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/36620
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
The wbshadow implementation was removed a year and a half ago in
1635ab7dfe, but the GODEBUG setting remained. Remove the GODEBUG
setting since it doesn't do anything.
Change-Id: I19cde324a79472aff60acb5cc9f7d4aa86c0c0ed
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/36618
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
The introduction of -buildmode=plugin means modules can be added to a
Go program while it is running. This means there exists some time
while the program is running with the module is on the moduledata
linked list, but it has not been initialized to the satisfaction of
other parts of the runtime. Notably, the GC.
This CL adds a new way of access modules, an activeModules function.
It returns a slice of modules that is built in the background and
atomically swapped in. The parts of the runtime that need to wait on
module initialization can use this slice instead of the linked list.
Fixes#17455
Change-Id: I04790fd07e40c7295beb47cea202eb439206d33d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/32357
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
- Adds overflow checks
- Adds parsing of negative integers
- Adds boolean return value to signal parsing errors
- Adds atoi32 for parsing of integers that fit in an int32
- Adds tests
Handling of errors to provide error messages
at the call sites is left to future CLs.
Updates #17718
Change-Id: I3cacd0ab1230b9efc5404c68edae7304d39bcbc0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/32390
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
With the hybrid barrier in place, we can now disable stack rescanning
by default. This commit adds a "gcrescanstacks" GODEBUG variable that
is off by default but can be set to re-enable STW stack rescanning.
The plan is to leave this off but available in Go 1.8 for debugging
and as a fallback.
With this change, worst-case mark termination time at GOMAXPROCS=12
*not* including time spent stopping the world (which is still
unbounded) is reliably under 100 µs, with a 95%ile around 50 µs in
every benchmark I tried (the go1 benchmarks, the x/benchmarks garbage
benchmark, and the gcbench activegs and rpc benchmarks). Including
time spent stopping the world usually adds about 20 µs to total STW
time at GOMAXPROCS=12, but I've seen it add around 150 µs in these
benchmarks when a goroutine takes time to reach a safe point (see
issue #10958) or when stopping the world races with goroutine
switches. At GOMAXPROCS=1, where this isn't an issue, worst case STW
is typically 30 µs.
The go-gcbench activegs benchmark is designed to stress large numbers
of dirty stacks. This commit reduces 95%ile STW time for 500k dirty
stacks by nearly three orders of magnitude, from 150ms to 195µs.
This has little effect on the throughput of the go1 benchmarks or the
x/benchmarks benchmarks.
name old time/op new time/op delta
XGarbage-12 2.31ms ± 0% 2.32ms ± 1% +0.28% (p=0.001 n=17+16)
XJSON-12 12.4ms ± 0% 12.4ms ± 0% +0.41% (p=0.000 n=18+18)
XHTTP-12 11.8µs ± 0% 11.8µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.492 n=20+18)
It reduces the tail latency of the x/benchmarks HTTP benchmark:
name old p50-time new p50-time delta
XHTTP-12 489µs ± 0% 491µs ± 1% +0.54% (p=0.000 n=20+18)
name old p95-time new p95-time delta
XHTTP-12 957µs ± 1% 960µs ± 1% +0.28% (p=0.002 n=20+17)
name old p99-time new p99-time delta
XHTTP-12 1.76ms ± 1% 1.64ms ± 1% -7.20% (p=0.000 n=20+18)
Comparing to the beginning of the hybrid barrier implementation
("runtime: parallelize STW mcache flushing") shows that the hybrid
barrier trades a small performance impact for much better STW latency,
as expected. The magnitude of the performance impact is generally
small:
name old time/op new time/op delta
BinaryTree17-12 2.37s ± 1% 2.42s ± 1% +2.04% (p=0.000 n=19+18)
Fannkuch11-12 2.84s ± 0% 2.72s ± 0% -4.00% (p=0.000 n=19+19)
FmtFprintfEmpty-12 44.2ns ± 1% 45.2ns ± 1% +2.20% (p=0.000 n=17+19)
FmtFprintfString-12 130ns ± 1% 134ns ± 0% +2.94% (p=0.000 n=18+16)
FmtFprintfInt-12 114ns ± 1% 117ns ± 0% +3.01% (p=0.000 n=19+15)
FmtFprintfIntInt-12 176ns ± 1% 182ns ± 0% +3.17% (p=0.000 n=20+15)
FmtFprintfPrefixedInt-12 186ns ± 1% 187ns ± 1% +1.04% (p=0.000 n=20+19)
FmtFprintfFloat-12 251ns ± 1% 250ns ± 1% -0.74% (p=0.000 n=17+18)
FmtManyArgs-12 746ns ± 1% 761ns ± 0% +2.08% (p=0.000 n=19+20)
GobDecode-12 6.57ms ± 1% 6.65ms ± 1% +1.11% (p=0.000 n=19+20)
GobEncode-12 5.59ms ± 1% 5.65ms ± 0% +1.08% (p=0.000 n=17+17)
Gzip-12 223ms ± 1% 223ms ± 1% -0.31% (p=0.006 n=20+20)
Gunzip-12 38.0ms ± 0% 37.9ms ± 1% -0.25% (p=0.009 n=19+20)
HTTPClientServer-12 77.5µs ± 1% 78.9µs ± 2% +1.89% (p=0.000 n=20+20)
JSONEncode-12 14.7ms ± 1% 14.9ms ± 0% +0.75% (p=0.000 n=20+20)
JSONDecode-12 53.0ms ± 1% 55.9ms ± 1% +5.54% (p=0.000 n=19+19)
Mandelbrot200-12 3.81ms ± 0% 3.81ms ± 1% +0.20% (p=0.023 n=17+19)
GoParse-12 3.17ms ± 1% 3.18ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.057 n=20+19)
RegexpMatchEasy0_32-12 71.7ns ± 1% 70.4ns ± 1% -1.77% (p=0.000 n=19+20)
RegexpMatchEasy0_1K-12 946ns ± 0% 946ns ± 0% ~ (p=0.405 n=18+18)
RegexpMatchEasy1_32-12 67.2ns ± 2% 67.3ns ± 2% ~ (p=0.732 n=20+20)
RegexpMatchEasy1_1K-12 374ns ± 1% 378ns ± 1% +1.14% (p=0.000 n=18+19)
RegexpMatchMedium_32-12 107ns ± 1% 107ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.259 n=18+20)
RegexpMatchMedium_1K-12 34.2µs ± 1% 34.5µs ± 1% +1.03% (p=0.000 n=18+18)
RegexpMatchHard_32-12 1.77µs ± 1% 1.79µs ± 1% +0.73% (p=0.000 n=19+18)
RegexpMatchHard_1K-12 53.6µs ± 1% 54.2µs ± 1% +1.10% (p=0.000 n=19+19)
Template-12 61.5ms ± 1% 63.9ms ± 0% +3.96% (p=0.000 n=18+18)
TimeParse-12 303ns ± 1% 300ns ± 1% -1.08% (p=0.000 n=19+20)
TimeFormat-12 318ns ± 1% 320ns ± 0% +0.79% (p=0.000 n=19+19)
Revcomp-12 (*) 509ms ± 3% 504ms ± 0% ~ (p=0.967 n=7+12)
[Geo mean] 54.3µs 54.8µs +0.88%
(*) Revcomp is highly non-linear, so I only took samples with 2
iterations.
name old time/op new time/op delta
XGarbage-12 2.25ms ± 0% 2.32ms ± 1% +2.74% (p=0.000 n=16+16)
XJSON-12 11.6ms ± 0% 12.4ms ± 0% +6.81% (p=0.000 n=18+18)
XHTTP-12 11.6µs ± 1% 11.8µs ± 1% +1.62% (p=0.000 n=17+18)
Updates #17503.
Updates #17099, since you can't have a rescan list bug if there's no
rescan list. I'm not marking it as fixed, since gcrescanstacks can
still be set to re-enable the rescan lists.
Change-Id: I6e926b4c2dbd4cd56721869d4f817bdbb330b851
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/31766
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
So we can start working on other architectures here.
Change is a dummy to keep git happy.
Change-Id: I1caa62a242790601810a1ff72af7ea9773d4da76
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/22822
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Introduce and start using nameOff for two encoded names. This pair
of changes is best done together because the linker's method decoder
expects the method layouts to match.
Precursor to converting all existing name and *string fields to
nameOff.
linux/amd64:
cmd/go: -45KB (0.5%)
jujud: -389KB (0.6%)
linux/amd64 PIE:
cmd/go: -170KB (1.4%)
jujud: -1.5MB (1.8%)
For #6853.
Change-Id: Ia044423f010fb987ce070b94c46a16fc78666ff6
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/21396
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
This CL introduces the typeOff type and a lookup method of the same
name that can turn a typeOff offset into an *rtype.
In a typical Go binary (built with buildmode=exe, pie, c-archive, or
c-shared), there is one moduledata and all typeOff values are offsets
relative to firstmoduledata.types. This makes computing the pointer
cheap in typical programs.
With buildmode=shared (and one day, buildmode=plugin) there are
multiple modules whose relative offset is determined at runtime.
We identify a type in the general case by the pair of the original
*rtype that references it and its typeOff value. We determine
the module from the original pointer, and then use the typeOff from
there to compute the final *rtype.
To ensure there is only one *rtype representing each type, the
runtime initializes a typemap for each module, using any identical
type from an earlier module when resolving that offset. This means
that types computed from an offset match the type mapped by the
pointer dynamic relocations.
A series of followup CLs will replace other *rtype values with typeOff
(and name/*string with nameOff).
For types created at runtime by reflect, type offsets are treated as
global IDs and reference into a reflect offset map kept by the runtime.
darwin/amd64:
cmd/go: -57KB (0.6%)
jujud: -557KB (0.8%)
linux/amd64 PIE:
cmd/go: -361KB (3.0%)
jujud: -3.5MB (4.2%)
For #6853.
Change-Id: Icf096fd884a0a0cb9f280f46f7a26c70a9006c96
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/21285
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: David Crawshaw <crawshaw@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
This is the first in a series of CLs to replace the use of pointers
in binary read-only data with offsets.
In standard Go binaries these CLs have a small effect, shrinking
8-byte pointers to 4-bytes. In position-independent code, it also
saves the dynamic relocation for the pointer. This has a significant
effect on the binary size when building as PIE, c-archive, or
c-shared.
darwin/amd64:
cmd/go: -12KB (0.1%)
jujud: -82KB (0.1%)
linux/amd64 PIE:
cmd/go: -86KB (0.7%)
jujud: -569KB (0.7%)
For #6853.
Change-Id: Iad5625bbeba58dabfd4d334dbee3fcbfe04b2dcf
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/21284
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: David Crawshaw <crawshaw@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
The tree's pretty inconsistent about single space vs double space
after a period in documentation. Make it consistently a single space,
per earlier decisions. This means contributors won't be confused by
misleading precedence.
This CL doesn't use go/doc to parse. It only addresses // comments.
It was generated with:
$ perl -i -npe 's,^(\s*// .+[a-z]\.) +([A-Z]),$1 $2,' $(git grep -l -E '^\s*//(.+\.) +([A-Z])')
$ go test go/doc -update
Change-Id: Iccdb99c37c797ef1f804a94b22ba5ee4b500c4f7
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/20022
Reviewed-by: Rob Pike <r@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Day <djd@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Like bionic, musl also doesn't provide vsyscall helper in %gs:0x10,
and as int $0x80 is as fast as calling %gs:0x10, just use int $0x80
always.
Because we're no longer using vsyscall in VDSO, get rid of VDSO code
for linux/386 too.
Fixes#14476.
Change-Id: I00ec8652060700e0a3c9b524bfe3c16a810263f6
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/19833
Run-TryBot: Minux Ma <minux@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Programs that call panic to crash after detecting a serious problem
may wish to use SetTraceback to force printing of all goroutines first.
Change-Id: Ib23ad9336f405485aabb642ca73f454a14c8baf3
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/18043
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
We need a runtime check because the original issue is encountered
when running cross compiled windows program from linux. It's better
to give a meaningful crash message earlier than to segfault later.
The added test should not impose any measurable overhead to Go
programs.
For #12415.
Change-Id: Ib4a24ef560c09c0585b351d62eefd157b6b7f04c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/14207
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Minux Ma <minux@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
If you set GODEBUG=cgocheck=2 the runtime package will use the write
barrier to detect cases where a Go program writes a Go pointer into
non-Go memory. In conjunction with the existing cgo checks, and the
not-yet-implemented cgo check for exported functions, this should
reliably detect all cases (that do not import the unsafe package) in
which a Go pointer is incorrectly shared with C code. This check is
optional because it turns on the write barrier at all times, which is
known to be expensive.
Update #12416.
Change-Id: I549d8b2956daa76eac853928e9280e615d6365f4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/16899
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
