# Jujutsu—a version control system

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[](https://web.libera.chat/?channel=#jujutsu)
**[Homepage] • **
**[Installation] • **
**[Getting Started] • **
**[Development Roadmap] • **
**[Contributing](#contributing)**
[Homepage]: https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj
[Installation]: https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/install-and-setup
[Getting Started]: https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/tutorial
[Development Roadmap]: https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/roadmap
## Introduction
Jujutsu is a powerful [version control system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Version_control)
for software projects. You use it to get a copy of your code, track changes
to the code, and finally publish those changes for others to see and use.
It is designed from the ground up to be easy to use—whether you're new or
experienced, working on brand new projects alone, or large scale software
projects with large histories and teams.
Jujutsu is unlike most other systems, because internally it abstracts the user
interface and version control algorithms from the *storage systems* used to
serve your content. This allows it to serve as a VCS with many possible physical
backends, that may have their own data or networking models—like [Mercurial] or
[Breezy], or hybrid systems like Google's cloud-based design, [Piper/CitC].
[Mercurial]: https://www.mercurial-scm.org/
[Breezy]: https://www.breezy-vcs.org/
[Piper/CitC]: https://youtu.be/W71BTkUbdqE?t=645
Today, we use Git repositories as a storage layer to serve and track content,
making it **compatible with many of your favorite Git-based tools, right now!**
All core developers use Jujutsu to develop Jujutsu, right here on GitHub. But it
should hopefully work with your favorite Git forges, too.
We combine many distinct design choices and concepts from other version control
systems into a single tool. Some of those sources of inspiration include:
- **Git**: We make an effort to [be fast][perf]—with a snappy UX, efficient
algorithms, correct data structures, and good-old-fashioned attention to
detail. The default storage backend uses Git repositories for "physical
storage", for wide interoperability and ease of onboarding.
- **Mercurial & Sapling**: There are many Mercurial-inspired features, such as
the [revset] language to select commits. There is [no explicit index][no-index]
or staging area. Branches are "anonymous" like Mercurial, so you don't need
to make up a name for each small change. Primitives for rewriting history are
powerful and simple. Formatting output is done with a robust template language
that can be configured by the user.
- **Darcs**: Jujutsu keeps track of conflicts as [first-class
objects][conflicts] in its model; they are first-class in the same way commits
are, while alternatives like Git simply think of conflicts as textual diffs.
While not as rigorous as systems like Darcs (which is based on a formalized
theory of patches, as opposed to snapshots), the effect is that many forms of
conflict resolution can be performed and propagated automatically.
[perf]: https://github.com/jj-vcs/jj/discussions/49
[revset]: https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/revsets/
[no-index]: https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/git-comparison/#the-index
[conflicts]: https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/conflicts/
And it adds several innovative, useful features of its own:
- **Working-copy-as-a-commit**: Changes to files are [recorded automatically][wcc]
as normal commits, and amended on every subsequent change. This "snapshot"
design simplifies the user-facing data model (commits are the only visible
object), simplifies internal algorithms, and completely subsumes features like
Git's stashes or the index/staging-area.
- **Operation log & undo**: Jujutsu records every operation that is performed on the
repository, from commits, to pulls, to pushes. This makes debugging problems like
"what just happened?" or "how did I end up here?" easier, *especially* when
you're helping your coworker answer those questions about their repository!
And because everything is recorded, you can undo that mistake you just made
with ease. Version control has finally entered [the 1960s][undo-history]!
- **Automatic rebase and conflict resolution**: When you modify a commit, every
descendent is automatically rebased on top of the freshly-modified one. This
makes "patch-based" workflows a breeze. If you resolve a conflict in a commit,
the _resolution_ of that conflict is also propagated through descendants as
well. In effect, this is a completely transparent version of `git rebase
--update-refs` combined with `git rerere`, supported by design.
> [!WARNING]
> The following features are available for use, but experimental; they may have
> bugs, backwards incompatible storage changes, and user-interface changes!
- **Safe, concurrent replication**: Have you ever wanted to store your version
controlled repositories inside a Dropbox folder? Or continuously backup
repositories to S3? No? Well, now you can!
The fundamental problem with using filesystems like Dropbox and backup tools
like `rsync` on your typical Git/Mercurial repositories is that they rely
on *local filesystem operations* being atomic, serialized, and non-concurrent
with respect to other reads and writes—which is _not_ true when operating on
distributed file systems, or when operations like concurrent file copies (for
backup) happen while lock files are being held.
Jujutsu is instead designed to be [safe under concurrent scenarios][conc-safety];
simply using rsync or Dropbox and then using that resulting repository
should never result in a repository in a *corrupt state*. The worst that
_should_ happen is that it will expose conflicts between the local and remote
state, leaving you to resolve them.
[wcc]: https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/working-copy/
[undo-history]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undo#History
[conc-safety]: https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/technical/concurrency/
The command-line tool is called `jj` for now because it's easy to type and easy
to replace (rare in English). The project is called "Jujutsu" because it matches
"jj".
Jujutsu is relatively young, with lots of work to still be done. If you have any
questions, or want to talk about future plans, please join us on Discord
[](https://discord.gg/dkmfj3aGQN),
start a [GitHub Discussion](https://github.com/jj-vcs/jj/discussions), or
send an IRC message to [`#jujutsu` on Libera
Chat](https://web.libera.chat/?channel=#jujutsu). The developers monitor all of
these channels[^bridge].
[^bridge]: To be more precise, the `#jujutsu` Libera IRC channel is bridged to
one of the channels on jj's Discord. Some of the developers stay on Discord and
use the bridge to follow IRC.
### News and Updates 📣
- **December 2024**: The `jj` Repository has moved to the `jj-vcs` GitHub
organisation.
- **November 2024**: Version 0.24 is released which adds `jj file annotate`,
which is equivalent to `git blame` or `hg annotate`.
- **September 2024**: Martin gave a [presentation about Jujutsu][merge-vid-2024] at
Git Merge 2024.
- **Feb 2024**: Version 0.14 is released, which deprecates ["jj checkout" and "jj merge"](CHANGELOG.md#0140---2024-02-07),
as well as `jj init --git`, which is now just called `jj git init`.
- **Oct 2023**: Version 0.10.0 is released! Now includes a bundled merge and
diff editor for all platforms, "immutable revsets" to avoid accidentally
`edit`-ing the wrong revisions, and lots of polish.
- **Jan 2023**: Martin gave a presentation about Google's plans for Jujutsu at
Git Merge 2022!
See the [slides][merge-slides] or the [recording][merge-talk].
### Related Media
- **Mar 2024**: Chris Krycho started [a YouTube series about Jujutsu][krycho-yt].
- **Feb 2024**: Chris Krycho published an article about Jujutsu called [jj init][krycho]
and Steve Klabnik followed up with the [Jujutsu Tutorial][klabnik].
- **Jan 2024**: Jujutsu was featured in an LWN.net article called
[Jujutsu: a new, Git-compatible version control system][lwn].
- **Jan 2023**: Martin's Talk about Jujutsu at Git Merge 2022, [video][merge-talk]
and the associated [slides][merge-slides].
The wiki also contains a more extensive list of [media references][wiki-media].
[krycho-yt]: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLelyiwKWHHAq01Pvmpf6x7J0y-yQpmtxp
[krycho]: https://v5.chriskrycho.com/essays/jj-init/
[klabnik]: https://steveklabnik.github.io/jujutsu-tutorial/
[lwn]: https://lwn.net/Articles/958468/
[merge-talk]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bx_LGilOuE4
[merge-slides]: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1F8j9_UOOSGUN9MvHxPZX_L4bQ9NMcYOp1isn17kTC_M/view
[merge-vid-2024]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV0JzI8IcCY
[wiki-media]: https://github.com/jj-vcs/jj/wiki/Media
## Getting started
> [!IMPORTANT]
> Jujutsu is an **experimental version control system**. While Git compatibility
> is stable, and most developers use it daily for all their needs, there may
> still be work-in-progress features, suboptimal UX, and workflow gaps that make
> it unusable for your particular use.
Follow the [installation
instructions](https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/install-and-setup) to
obtain and configure `jj`.
The best way to get started is probably to go through [the
tutorial](https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/tutorial). Also see the [Git
comparison](https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/git-comparison), which
includes a table of `jj` vs. `git` commands.
As you become more familiar with Jujutsu, the following resources may be helpful:
- The [FAQ](https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/FAQ).
- The [Glossary](https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/glossary).
- The `jj help` command (e.g. `jj help rebase`).
- The `jj help -k