2025-05-06 07:52:57 +00:00
700 changed files with 12088 additions and 29836 deletions
--- a/.github/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/labeler.yml
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-# A bot for automatically labelling pull requests 
-# See https://github.com/actions/labeler
-
-dataframe:
-  - changed-files:
-    - any-glob-to-any-file:
-      - crates/nu_plugin_polars/**
-
-std-library:
-  - changed-files:
-    - any-glob-to-any-file:
-      - crates/nu-std/**
-
-ci:
-  - changed-files:
-    - any-glob-to-any-file:
-      - .github/workflows/**
-
-
-LSP:
-  - changed-files:
-    - any-glob-to-any-file:
-      - crates/nu-lsp/**
-
-parser:
-  - changed-files:
-    - any-glob-to-any-file:
-      - crates/nu-parser/**
-
-pr:plugins:
-  - changed-files:
-    - any-glob-to-any-file:
-      # plugins API
-      - crates/nu-plugin/**
-      - crates/nu-plugin-core/**
-      - crates/nu-plugin-engine/**
-      - crates/nu-plugin-protocol/**
-      - crates/nu-plugin-test-support/**
-      # specific plugins (like polars)
-      - crates/nu_plugin_*/**
--- a/.github/workflows/beta-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/beta-test.yml
@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-name: Test on Beta Toolchain
-# This workflow is made to run our tests on the beta toolchain to validate that 
-# the beta toolchain works.
-# We do not intend to test here that we are working correctly but rather that 
-# the beta toolchain works correctly.
-# The ci.yml handles our actual testing with our guarantees.
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    # If this workflow fails, GitHub notifications will go to the last person 
-    # who edited this line.
-    # See: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/monitoring-and-troubleshooting-workflows/monitoring-workflows/notifications-for-workflow-runs
-    - cron: '0 0 * * *'  # Runs daily at midnight UTC
-
-env:
-  NUSHELL_CARGO_PROFILE: ci
-  NU_LOG_LEVEL: DEBUG
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  build-and-test:
-    # this job is more for testing the beta toolchain and not our tests, so if 
-    # this fails but the tests of the regular ci pass, then this is fine
-    continue-on-error: true
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: true
-      matrix:
-        platform: [windows-latest, macos-latest, ubuntu-22.04]
-
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - run: rustup update beta
-
-      - name: Tests
-        run: cargo +beta test --workspace --profile ci --exclude nu_plugin_*
-      - name: Check for clean repo
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          if [ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then
-            echo "there are changes";
-            git status --porcelain
-            exit 1
-          else
-            echo "no changes in working directory";
-          fi
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main
-      - 'patch-release-*'

 name: continuous-integration

@ -22,14 +21,14 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: true
      matrix:
-        # Pinning to Ubuntu 22.04 because building on newer Ubuntu versions causes linux-gnu
+        # Pinning to Ubuntu 20.04 because building on newer Ubuntu versions causes linux-gnu
        # builds to link against a too-new-for-many-Linux-installs glibc version. Consider
-        # revisiting this when 22.04 is closer to EOL (June 2027)
+        # revisiting this when 20.04 is closer to EOL (April 2025)
        #
        # Using macOS 13 runner because 14 is based on the M1 and has half as much RAM (7 GB,
        # instead of 14 GB) which is too little for us right now. Revisit when `dfr` commands are
        # removed and we're only building the `polars` plugin instead
-        platform: [windows-latest, macos-13, ubuntu-22.04]
+        platform: [windows-latest, macos-13, ubuntu-20.04]

    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}

@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7

      - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.10.1

      - name: cargo fmt
        run: cargo fmt --all -- --check
@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: true
      matrix:
-        platform: [windows-latest, macos-latest, ubuntu-22.04]
+        platform: [windows-latest, macos-latest, ubuntu-20.04]

    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}

@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7

      - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.10.1

      - name: Tests
        run: cargo test --workspace --profile ci --exclude nu_plugin_*
@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
    strategy:
      fail-fast: true
      matrix:
-        platform: [ubuntu-22.04, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        platform: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-latest, windows-latest]
        py:
          - py

@ -94,10 +93,10 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7

      - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.10.1

      - name: Install Nushell
-        run: cargo install --path . --locked --force
+        run: cargo install --path . --locked --no-default-features --force

      - name: Standard library tests
        run: nu -c 'use crates/nu-std/testing.nu; testing run-tests --path crates/nu-std'
@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ jobs:
        # instead of 14 GB) which is too little for us right now.
        #
        # Failure occurring with clippy for rust 1.77.2
-        platform: [windows-latest, macos-13, ubuntu-22.04]
+        platform: [windows-latest, macos-13, ubuntu-20.04]

    runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}

@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7

      - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.10.1

      - name: Clippy
        run: cargo clippy --package nu_plugin_* -- $CLIPPY_OPTIONS
@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7

      - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.10.1

      - name: Add wasm32-unknown-unknown target
        run: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
--- a/.github/workflows/labels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/labels.yml
@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# Automatically labels PRs based on the configuration file
-# you are probably looking for 👉 `.github/labeler.yml`
-name: Label PRs
-
-on:
-  - pull_request_target
-
-jobs:
-  triage:
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      pull-requests: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'nushell'
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/labeler@v5
-        with:
-          repo-token: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
-          sync-labels: true
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly-build.yml
@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 name: Nightly Build

 on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
  push:
    branches:
      - nightly   # Just for test purpose only with the nightly repo
@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: hustcer/setup-nu@v3
        if: github.repository == 'nushell/nightly'
        with:
-          version: 0.103.0
+          version: 0.101.0

      # Synchronize the main branch of nightly repo with the main branch of Nushell official repo
      - name: Prepare for Nightly Release
@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
        echo "targets = ['${{matrix.target}}']" >> rust-toolchain.toml

    - name: Setup Rust toolchain and cache
-      uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
+      uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.10.1
      # WARN: Keep the rustflags to prevent from the winget submission error: `CAQuietExec: Error 0xc0000135`
      with:
        rustflags: ''
@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ jobs:
    - name: Setup Nushell
      uses: hustcer/setup-nu@v3
      with:
-        version: 0.103.0
+        version: 0.101.0

    - name: Release Nu Binary
      id: nu
@ -198,7 +197,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Nushell
        uses: hustcer/setup-nu@v3
        with:
-          version: 0.103.0
+          version: 0.101.0

      # Keep the last a few releases
      - name: Delete Older Releases
--- a/.github/workflows/release-pkg.nu
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-pkg.nu
@ -117,14 +117,14 @@ if $os in ['macos-latest'] or $USE_UBUNTU {
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Build for Windows without static-link-openssl feature
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-if $os =~ 'windows' {
+if $os in ['windows-latest'] {
    cargo-build-nu
 }

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Prepare for the release archive
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-let suffix = if $os =~ 'windows' { '.exe' }
+let suffix = if $os == 'windows-latest' { '.exe' }
 # nu, nu_plugin_* were all included
 let executable = $'target/($target)/release/($bin)*($suffix)'
 print $'Current executable file: ($executable)'
@ -148,10 +148,10 @@ For more information, refer to https://www.nushell.sh/book/plugins.html
 [LICENSE ...(glob $executable)] | each {|it| cp -rv $it $dist } | flatten

 print $'(char nl)Check binary release version detail:'; hr-line
-let ver = if $os =~ 'windows' {
-    (do -i { .\output\nu.exe -c 'version' }) | default '' | str join
+let ver = if $os == 'windows-latest' {
+    (do -i { .\output\nu.exe -c 'version' }) | str join
 } else {
-    (do -i { ./output/nu -c 'version' }) | default '' | str join
+    (do -i { ./output/nu -c 'version' }) | str join
 }
 if ($ver | str trim | is-empty) {
    print $'(ansi r)Incompatible Nu binary: The binary cross compiled is not runnable on current arch...(ansi reset)'
@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ if $os in ['macos-latest'] or $USE_UBUNTU {
    # REF: https://github.blog/changelog/2022-10-11-github-actions-deprecating-save-state-and-set-output-commands/
    echo $"archive=($archive)" | save --append $env.GITHUB_OUTPUT

-} else if $os =~ 'windows' {
+} else if $os == 'windows-latest' {

    let releaseStem = $'($bin)-($version)-($target)'

@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ if $os in ['macos-latest'] or $USE_UBUNTU {
 }

 def 'cargo-build-nu' [] {
-    if $os =~ 'windows' {
+    if $os == 'windows-latest' {
        cargo build --release --all --target $target
    } else {
        cargo build --release --all --target $target --features=static-link-openssl
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jobs:
        echo "targets = ['${{matrix.target}}']" >> rust-toolchain.toml

    - name: Setup Rust toolchain
-      uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
+      uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.10.1
      # WARN: Keep the rustflags to prevent from the winget submission error: `CAQuietExec: Error 0xc0000135`
      with:
        cache: false
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
    - name: Setup Nushell
      uses: hustcer/setup-nu@v3
      with:
-        version: 0.103.0
+        version: 0.101.0

    - name: Release Nu Binary
      id: nu
--- a/.github/workflows/typos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/typos.yml
@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7

      - name: Check spelling
-        uses: crate-ci/typos@v1.31.1
+        uses: crate-ci/typos@v1.29.4
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ homepage = "https://www.nushell.sh"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu"
 repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell"
-rust-version = "1.84.1"
-version = "0.104.1"
+rust-version = "1.82.0"
+version = "0.102.0"

 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ alphanumeric-sort = "1.5"
 ansi-str = "0.8"
 anyhow = "1.0.82"
 base64 = "0.22.1"
-bracoxide = "0.1.6"
+bracoxide = "0.1.4"
 brotli = "7.0"
 byteorder = "1.5"
 bytes = "1"
-bytesize = "1.3.3"
-calamine = "0.27"
+bytesize = "1.3"
+calamine = "0.26.1"
 chardetng = "0.1.17"
 chrono = { default-features = false, version = "0.4.34" }
 chrono-humanize = "0.2.3"
@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ fancy-regex = "0.14"
 filesize = "0.2"
 filetime = "0.2"
 heck = "0.5.0"
-human-date-parser = "0.3.0"
-indexmap = "2.9"
+human-date-parser = "0.2.0"
+indexmap = "2.7"
 indicatif = "0.17"
 interprocess = "2.2.0"
 is_executable = "1.0"
@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ lru = "0.12"
 lscolors = { version = "0.17", default-features = false }
 lsp-server = "0.7.8"
 lsp-types = { version = "0.97.0", features = ["proposed"] }
-lsp-textdocument = "0.4.2"
+lsp-textdocument = "0.4.1"
 mach2 = "0.4"
 md5 = { version = "0.10", package = "md-5" }
-miette = "7.5"
+miette = "7.3"
 mime = "0.3.17"
 mime_guess = "2.0"
-mockito = { version = "1.7", default-features = false }
+mockito = { version = "1.6", default-features = false }
 multipart-rs = "0.1.13"
 native-tls = "0.2"
 nix = { version = "0.29", default-features = false }
@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ pathdiff = "0.2"
 percent-encoding = "2"
 pretty_assertions = "1.4"
 print-positions = "0.6"
-proc-macro-error2 = "2.0"
+proc-macro-error = { version = "1.0", default-features = false }
 proc-macro2 = "1.0"
 procfs = "0.17.0"
 pwd = "1.3"
@ -135,50 +135,48 @@ quick-xml = "0.37.0"
 quickcheck = "1.0"
 quickcheck_macros = "1.0"
 quote = "1.0"
-rand = "0.9"
+rand = "0.8"
 getrandom = "0.2" # pick same version that rand requires
-rand_chacha = "0.9"
-ratatui = "0.29"
+rand_chacha = "0.3.1"
+ratatui = "0.26"
 rayon = "1.10"
-reedline = "0.40.0"
+reedline = "0.38.0"
 rmp = "0.8"
 rmp-serde = "1.3"
 roxmltree = "0.20"
 rstest = { version = "0.23", default-features = false }
 rstest_reuse = "0.7"
 rusqlite = "0.31"
-rust-embed = "8.7.0"
+rust-embed = "8.5.0"
 scopeguard = { version = "1.2.0" }
 serde = { version = "1.0" }
-serde_json = "1.0.97"
+serde_json = "1.0"
 serde_urlencoded = "0.7.1"
 serde_yaml = "0.9.33"
 sha2 = "0.10"
 strip-ansi-escapes = "0.2.0"
-strum = "0.26"
-strum_macros = "0.26"
 syn = "2.0"
 sysinfo = "0.33"
 tabled = { version = "0.17.0", default-features = false }
 tempfile = "3.15"
-titlecase = "3.5"
+titlecase = "3.0"
 toml = "0.8"
 trash = "5.2"
 update-informer = { version = "1.2.0", default-features = false, features = ["github", "native-tls", "ureq"] }
 umask = "2.1"
 unicode-segmentation = "1.12"
 unicode-width = "0.2"
-ureq = { version = "2.12", default-features = false, features = ["socks-proxy"] }
+ureq = { version = "2.12", default-features = false }
 url = "2.2"
-uu_cp = "0.0.30"
-uu_mkdir = "0.0.30"
-uu_mktemp = "0.0.30"
-uu_mv = "0.0.30"
-uu_touch = "0.0.30"
-uu_whoami = "0.0.30"
-uu_uname = "0.0.30"
-uucore = "0.0.30"
-uuid = "1.16.0"
+uu_cp = "0.0.29"
+uu_mkdir = "0.0.29"
+uu_mktemp = "0.0.29"
+uu_mv = "0.0.29"
+uu_touch = "0.0.29"
+uu_whoami = "0.0.29"
+uu_uname = "0.0.29"
+uucore = "0.0.29"
+uuid = "1.12.0"
 v_htmlescape = "0.15.0"
 wax = "0.6"
 web-time = "1.1.0"
@ -197,22 +195,22 @@ unchecked_duration_subtraction = "warn"
 workspace = true

 [dependencies]
-nu-cli = { path = "./crates/nu-cli", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-cmd-base = { path = "./crates/nu-cmd-base", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-cmd-lang = { path = "./crates/nu-cmd-lang", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-cmd-plugin = { path = "./crates/nu-cmd-plugin", version = "0.104.1", optional = true }
-nu-cmd-extra = { path = "./crates/nu-cmd-extra", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-command = { path = "./crates/nu-command", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-engine = { path = "./crates/nu-engine", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-explore = { path = "./crates/nu-explore", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-lsp = { path = "./crates/nu-lsp/", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-parser = { path = "./crates/nu-parser", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-path = { path = "./crates/nu-path", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-plugin-engine = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin-engine", optional = true, version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-protocol = { path = "./crates/nu-protocol", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-std = { path = "./crates/nu-std", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-system = { path = "./crates/nu-system", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-utils = { path = "./crates/nu-utils", version = "0.104.1" }
+nu-cli = { path = "./crates/nu-cli", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-cmd-base = { path = "./crates/nu-cmd-base", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-cmd-lang = { path = "./crates/nu-cmd-lang", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-cmd-plugin = { path = "./crates/nu-cmd-plugin", version = "0.102.0", optional = true }
+nu-cmd-extra = { path = "./crates/nu-cmd-extra", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-command = { path = "./crates/nu-command", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-engine = { path = "./crates/nu-engine", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-explore = { path = "./crates/nu-explore", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-lsp = { path = "./crates/nu-lsp/", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-parser = { path = "./crates/nu-parser", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-path = { path = "./crates/nu-path", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-plugin-engine = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin-engine", optional = true, version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-protocol = { path = "./crates/nu-protocol", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-std = { path = "./crates/nu-std", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-system = { path = "./crates/nu-system", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-utils = { path = "./crates/nu-utils", version = "0.102.0" }
 reedline = { workspace = true, features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"] }

 crossterm = { workspace = true }
@ -220,6 +218,7 @@ ctrlc = { workspace = true }
 dirs = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }
 miette = { workspace = true, features = ["fancy-no-backtrace", "fancy"] }
+mimalloc = { version = "0.1.42", default-features = false, optional = true }
 multipart-rs = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
 simplelog = "0.12"
@ -241,9 +240,9 @@ nix = { workspace = true, default-features = false, features = [
 ] }

 [dev-dependencies]
-nu-test-support = { path = "./crates/nu-test-support", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-plugin-protocol = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin-protocol", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-plugin-core = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin-core", version = "0.104.1" }
+nu-test-support = { path = "./crates/nu-test-support", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-plugin-protocol = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin-protocol", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-plugin-core = { path = "./crates/nu-plugin-core", version = "0.102.0" }
 assert_cmd = "2.0"
 dirs = { workspace = true }
 tango-bench = "0.6"
@ -273,6 +272,7 @@ default = [
  "plugin",
  "trash-support",
  "sqlite",
+  "mimalloc",
 ]
 stable = ["default"]
 # NOTE: individual features are also passed to `nu-cmd-lang` that uses them to generate the feature matrix in the `version` command
@ -281,6 +281,7 @@ stable = ["default"]
 # otherwise the system version will be used. Not enabled by default because it takes a while to build
 static-link-openssl = ["dep:openssl", "nu-cmd-lang/static-link-openssl"]

+mimalloc = ["nu-cmd-lang/mimalloc", "dep:mimalloc"]
 # Optional system clipboard support in `reedline`, this behavior has problematic compatibility with some systems.
 # Missing X server/ Wayland can cause issues
 system-clipboard = [
@ -293,7 +294,7 @@ system-clipboard = [
 trash-support = ["nu-command/trash-support", "nu-cmd-lang/trash-support"]

 # SQLite commands for nushell
-sqlite = ["nu-command/sqlite", "nu-cmd-lang/sqlite", "nu-std/sqlite"]
+sqlite = ["nu-command/sqlite", "nu-cmd-lang/sqlite"]

 [profile.release]
 opt-level = "s"     # Optimize for size
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License

-Copyright (c) 2019 - 2025 The Nushell Project Developers
+Copyright (c) 2019 - 2023 The Nushell Project Developers

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 [![Nightly Build](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/actions/workflows/nightly-build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/actions/workflows/nightly-build.yml)
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/601130461678272522.svg?logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/NtAbbGn)
 [![The Changelog #363](https://img.shields.io/badge/The%20Changelog-%23363-61c192.svg)](https://changelog.com/podcast/363)
+[![@nu_shell](https://img.shields.io/badge/twitter-@nu_shell-1DA1F3?style=flat-square)](https://twitter.com/nu_shell)
 [![GitHub commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/m/nushell/nushell)](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/graphs/commit-activity)
 [![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/nushell/nushell)](https://github.com/nushell/nushell/graphs/contributors)

@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ This project has reached a minimum-viable-product level of quality. Many people

 The [Nushell book](https://www.nushell.sh/book/) is the primary source of Nushell documentation. You can find [a full list of Nu commands in the book](https://www.nushell.sh/commands/), and we have many examples of using Nu in our [cookbook](https://www.nushell.sh/cookbook/).

-We're also active on [Discord](https://discord.gg/NtAbbGn); come and chat with us!
+We're also active on [Discord](https://discord.gg/NtAbbGn) and [Twitter](https://twitter.com/nu_shell); come and chat with us!

 ## Installation

@ -222,7 +223,6 @@ Please submit an issue or PR to be added to this list.
 -   [Dorothy](http://github.com/bevry/dorothy)
 -   [Direnv](https://github.com/direnv/direnv/blob/master/docs/hook.md#nushell)
 -   [x-cmd](https://x-cmd.com/mod/nu)
-   [vfox](https://github.com/version-fox/vfox)

 ## Contributing

--- a/benches/benchmarks.rs
+++ b/benches/benchmarks.rs
@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use nu_cli::{eval_source, evaluate_commands};
 use nu_plugin_core::{Encoder, EncodingType};
 use nu_plugin_protocol::{PluginCallResponse, PluginOutput};
+
 use nu_protocol::{
    engine::{EngineState, Stack},
    PipelineData, Signals, Span, Spanned, Value,
@ -8,11 +9,12 @@ use nu_protocol::{
 use nu_std::load_standard_library;
 use nu_utils::{get_default_config, get_default_env};
 use std::{
-    fmt::Write,
-    hint::black_box,
    rc::Rc,
    sync::{atomic::AtomicBool, Arc},
 };
+
+use std::hint::black_box;
+
 use tango_bench::{benchmark_fn, tango_benchmarks, tango_main, IntoBenchmarks};

 fn load_bench_commands() -> EngineState {
@ -139,16 +141,19 @@ fn bench_load_standard_lib() -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    })]
 }

-fn create_flat_record_string(n: usize) -> String {
-    let mut s = String::from("let record = { ");
+fn create_flat_record_string(n: i32) -> String {
+    let mut s = String::from("let record = {");
    for i in 0..n {
-        write!(s, "col_{i}: {i}, ").unwrap();
+        s.push_str(&format!("col_{}: {}", i, i));
+        if i < n - 1 {
+            s.push_str(", ");
+        }
    }
    s.push('}');
    s
 }

-fn create_nested_record_string(depth: usize) -> String {
+fn create_nested_record_string(depth: i32) -> String {
    let mut s = String::from("let record = {");
    for _ in 0..depth {
        s.push_str("col: {");
@ -161,7 +166,7 @@ fn create_nested_record_string(depth: usize) -> String {
    s
 }

-fn create_example_table_nrows(n: usize) -> String {
+fn create_example_table_nrows(n: i32) -> String {
    let mut s = String::from("let table = [[foo bar baz]; ");
    for i in 0..n {
        s.push_str(&format!("[0, 1, {i}]"));
@ -173,7 +178,7 @@ fn create_example_table_nrows(n: usize) -> String {
    s
 }

-fn bench_record_create(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_record_create(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    bench_command(
        &format!("record_create_{n}"),
        &create_flat_record_string(n),
@ -182,7 +187,7 @@ fn bench_record_create(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    )
 }

-fn bench_record_flat_access(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_record_flat_access(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    let setup_command = create_flat_record_string(n);
    let (stack, engine) = setup_stack_and_engine_from_command(&setup_command);
    bench_command(
@ -193,10 +198,10 @@ fn bench_record_flat_access(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    )
 }

-fn bench_record_nested_access(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_record_nested_access(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    let setup_command = create_nested_record_string(n);
    let (stack, engine) = setup_stack_and_engine_from_command(&setup_command);
-    let nested_access = ".col".repeat(n);
+    let nested_access = ".col".repeat(n as usize);
    bench_command(
        &format!("record_nested_access_{n}"),
        &format!("$record{} | ignore", nested_access),
@ -205,18 +210,7 @@ fn bench_record_nested_access(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    )
 }

-fn bench_record_insert(n: usize, m: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
-    let setup_command = create_flat_record_string(n);
-    let (stack, engine) = setup_stack_and_engine_from_command(&setup_command);
-    let mut insert = String::from("$record");
-    for i in n..(n + m) {
-        write!(insert, " | insert col_{i} {i}").unwrap();
-    }
-    insert.push_str(" | ignore");
-    bench_command(&format!("record_insert_{n}_{m}"), &insert, stack, engine)
-}
-
-fn bench_table_create(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_table_create(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    bench_command(
        &format!("table_create_{n}"),
        &create_example_table_nrows(n),
@ -225,7 +219,7 @@ fn bench_table_create(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    )
 }

-fn bench_table_get(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_table_get(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    let setup_command = create_example_table_nrows(n);
    let (stack, engine) = setup_stack_and_engine_from_command(&setup_command);
    bench_command(
@ -236,7 +230,7 @@ fn bench_table_get(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    )
 }

-fn bench_table_select(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_table_select(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    let setup_command = create_example_table_nrows(n);
    let (stack, engine) = setup_stack_and_engine_from_command(&setup_command);
    bench_command(
@ -247,29 +241,7 @@ fn bench_table_select(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    )
 }

-fn bench_table_insert_row(n: usize, m: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
-    let setup_command = create_example_table_nrows(n);
-    let (stack, engine) = setup_stack_and_engine_from_command(&setup_command);
-    let mut insert = String::from("$table");
-    for i in n..(n + m) {
-        write!(insert, " | insert {i} {{ foo: 0, bar: 1, baz: {i} }}").unwrap();
-    }
-    insert.push_str(" | ignore");
-    bench_command(&format!("table_insert_row_{n}_{m}"), &insert, stack, engine)
-}
-
-fn bench_table_insert_col(n: usize, m: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
-    let setup_command = create_example_table_nrows(n);
-    let (stack, engine) = setup_stack_and_engine_from_command(&setup_command);
-    let mut insert = String::from("$table");
-    for i in 0..m {
-        write!(insert, " | insert col_{i} {i}").unwrap();
-    }
-    insert.push_str(" | ignore");
-    bench_command(&format!("table_insert_col_{n}_{m}"), &insert, stack, engine)
-}
-
-fn bench_eval_interleave(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_eval_interleave(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    let engine = setup_engine();
    let stack = Stack::new();
    bench_command(
@ -280,7 +252,7 @@ fn bench_eval_interleave(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    )
 }

-fn bench_eval_interleave_with_interrupt(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_eval_interleave_with_interrupt(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    let mut engine = setup_engine();
    engine.set_signals(Signals::new(Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false))));
    let stack = Stack::new();
@ -292,7 +264,7 @@ fn bench_eval_interleave_with_interrupt(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    )
 }

-fn bench_eval_for(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_eval_for(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    let engine = setup_engine();
    let stack = Stack::new();
    bench_command(
@ -303,7 +275,7 @@ fn bench_eval_for(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    )
 }

-fn bench_eval_each(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_eval_each(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    let engine = setup_engine();
    let stack = Stack::new();
    bench_command(
@ -314,7 +286,7 @@ fn bench_eval_each(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    )
 }

-fn bench_eval_par_each(n: usize) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
+fn bench_eval_par_each(n: i32) -> impl IntoBenchmarks {
    let engine = setup_engine();
    let stack = Stack::new();
    bench_command(
@ -455,14 +427,6 @@ tango_benchmarks!(
    bench_record_nested_access(32),
    bench_record_nested_access(64),
    bench_record_nested_access(128),
-    bench_record_insert(1, 1),
-    bench_record_insert(10, 1),
-    bench_record_insert(100, 1),
-    bench_record_insert(1000, 1),
-    bench_record_insert(1, 10),
-    bench_record_insert(10, 10),
-    bench_record_insert(100, 10),
-    bench_record_insert(1000, 10),
    // Table
    bench_table_create(1),
    bench_table_create(10),
@ -476,22 +440,6 @@ tango_benchmarks!(
    bench_table_select(10),
    bench_table_select(100),
    bench_table_select(1_000),
-    bench_table_insert_row(1, 1),
-    bench_table_insert_row(10, 1),
-    bench_table_insert_row(100, 1),
-    bench_table_insert_row(1000, 1),
-    bench_table_insert_row(1, 10),
-    bench_table_insert_row(10, 10),
-    bench_table_insert_row(100, 10),
-    bench_table_insert_row(1000, 10),
-    bench_table_insert_col(1, 1),
-    bench_table_insert_col(10, 1),
-    bench_table_insert_col(100, 1),
-    bench_table_insert_col(1000, 1),
-    bench_table_insert_col(1, 10),
-    bench_table_insert_col(10, 10),
-    bench_table_insert_col(100, 10),
-    bench_table_insert_col(1000, 10),
    // Eval
    // Interleave
    bench_eval_interleave(100),
--- a/crates/nu-cli/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/Cargo.toml
@ -5,29 +5,28 @@ repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell/tree/main/crates/nu-cli"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-cli"
-version = "0.104.1"
+version = "0.102.0"

 [lib]
 bench = false

 [dev-dependencies]
-nu-cmd-lang = { path = "../nu-cmd-lang", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-command = { path = "../nu-command", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-std = { path = "../nu-std", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-test-support = { path = "../nu-test-support", version = "0.104.1" }
+nu-cmd-lang = { path = "../nu-cmd-lang", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-command = { path = "../nu-command", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-test-support = { path = "../nu-test-support", version = "0.102.0" }
 rstest = { workspace = true, default-features = false }
 tempfile = { workspace = true }

 [dependencies]
-nu-cmd-base = { path = "../nu-cmd-base", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.104.1", features = ["os"] }
-nu-glob = { path = "../nu-glob", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-plugin-engine = { path = "../nu-plugin-engine", version = "0.104.1", optional = true }
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.104.1", features = ["os"] }
-nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.104.1" }
+nu-cmd-base = { path = "../nu-cmd-base", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.102.0", features = ["os"] }
+nu-glob = { path = "../nu-glob", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-plugin-engine = { path = "../nu-plugin-engine", version = "0.102.0", optional = true }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.102.0", features = ["os"] }
+nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-color-config = { path = "../nu-color-config", version = "0.102.0" }
 nu-ansi-term = { workspace = true }
 reedline = { workspace = true, features = ["bashisms", "sqlite"] }

@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ miette = { workspace = true, features = ["fancy-no-backtrace"] }
 nucleo-matcher = { workspace = true }
 percent-encoding = { workspace = true }
 sysinfo = { workspace = true }
-strum = { workspace = true }
 unicode-segmentation = { workspace = true }
 uuid = { workspace = true, features = ["v4"] }
 which = { workspace = true }
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/commandline/edit.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/commandline/edit.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct CommandlineEdit;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for CommandlineEdit {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "commandline edit"
    }
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ impl Command for CommandlineEdit {
            .required(
                "str",
                SyntaxShape::String,
-                "The string to perform the operation with.",
+                "the string to perform the operation with",
            )
            .category(Category::Core)
    }
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/commandline/get_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/commandline/get_cursor.rs
@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;
 use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct CommandlineGetCursor;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for CommandlineGetCursor {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "commandline get-cursor"
    }
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/commandline/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/commandline/mod.rs
@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ mod get_cursor;
 mod set_cursor;

 pub use commandline_::Commandline;
-pub use edit::CommandlineEdit;
-pub use get_cursor::CommandlineGetCursor;
-pub use set_cursor::CommandlineSetCursor;
+pub use edit::SubCommand as CommandlineEdit;
+pub use get_cursor::SubCommand as CommandlineGetCursor;
+pub use set_cursor::SubCommand as CommandlineSetCursor;
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/commandline/set_cursor.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/commandline/set_cursor.rs
@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;
 use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct CommandlineSetCursor;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for CommandlineSetCursor {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "commandline set-cursor"
    }
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ impl Command for CommandlineSetCursor {
                "set the current cursor position to the end of the buffer",
                Some('e'),
            )
-            .optional("pos", SyntaxShape::Int, "Cursor position to be set.")
+            .optional("pos", SyntaxShape::Int, "Cursor position to be set")
            .category(Category::Core)
    }

--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/history/history_.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/history/history_.rs
@ -105,9 +105,10 @@ impl Command for History {
                        .ok()
                })
                .map(move |entries| {
-                    entries.into_iter().enumerate().map(move |(idx, entry)| {
-                        create_sqlite_history_record(idx, entry, long, head)
-                    })
+                    entries
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .map(move |(idx, entry)| create_history_record(idx, entry, long, head))
                })
                .ok_or(IoError::new(
                    std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ impl Command for History {
    }
 }

-fn create_sqlite_history_record(idx: usize, entry: HistoryItem, long: bool, head: Span) -> Value {
+fn create_history_record(idx: usize, entry: HistoryItem, long: bool, head: Span) -> Value {
    //1. Format all the values
    //2. Create a record of either short or long columns and values

@ -150,8 +151,11 @@ fn create_sqlite_history_record(idx: usize, entry: HistoryItem, long: bool, head
            .unwrap_or_default(),
        head,
    );
-    let start_timestamp_value = Value::date(
-        entry.start_timestamp.unwrap_or_default().fixed_offset(),
+    let start_timestamp_value = Value::string(
+        entry
+            .start_timestamp
+            .map(|time| time.to_string())
+            .unwrap_or_default(),
        head,
    );
    let command_value = Value::string(entry.command_line, head);
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/history/history_import.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/commands/history/history_import.rs
@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ impl Command for HistoryImport {
    }

    fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        "Import command line history."
+        "Import command line history"
    }

    fn extra_description(&self) -> &str {
        r#"Can import history from input, either successive command lines or more detailed records. If providing records, available fields are:
-    command, start_timestamp, hostname, cwd, duration, exit_status.
+    command_line, id, start_timestamp, hostname, cwd, duration, exit_status.

 If no input is provided, will import all history items from existing history in the other format: if current history is stored in sqlite, it will store it in plain text and vice versa.

--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/attribute_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/attribute_completions.rs
@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-use super::{completion_options::NuMatcher, SemanticSuggestion};
-use crate::{
-    completions::{Completer, CompletionOptions},
-    SuggestionKind,
-};
-use nu_protocol::{
-    engine::{Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    Span,
-};
-use reedline::Suggestion;
-
-pub struct AttributeCompletion;
-pub struct AttributableCompletion;
-
-impl Completer for AttributeCompletion {
-    fn fetch(
-        &mut self,
-        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        _stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
-        span: Span,
-        offset: usize,
-        options: &CompletionOptions,
-    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix, options);
-
-        let attr_commands =
-            working_set.find_commands_by_predicate(|s| s.starts_with(b"attr "), true);
-
-        for (decl_id, name, desc, ty) in attr_commands {
-            let name = name.strip_prefix(b"attr ").unwrap_or(&name);
-            matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
-                suggestion: Suggestion {
-                    value: String::from_utf8_lossy(name).into_owned(),
-                    description: desc,
-                    style: None,
-                    extra: None,
-                    span: reedline::Span {
-                        start: span.start - offset,
-                        end: span.end - offset,
-                    },
-                    append_whitespace: false,
-                },
-                kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Command(ty, Some(decl_id))),
-            });
-        }
-
-        matcher.results()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Completer for AttributableCompletion {
-    fn fetch(
-        &mut self,
-        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        _stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
-        span: Span,
-        offset: usize,
-        options: &CompletionOptions,
-    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix, options);
-
-        for s in ["def", "extern", "export def", "export extern"] {
-            let decl_id = working_set
-                .find_decl(s.as_bytes())
-                .expect("internal error, builtin declaration not found");
-            let cmd = working_set.get_decl(decl_id);
-            matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
-                suggestion: Suggestion {
-                    value: cmd.name().into(),
-                    description: Some(cmd.description().into()),
-                    style: None,
-                    extra: None,
-                    span: reedline::Span {
-                        start: span.start - offset,
-                        end: span.end - offset,
-                    },
-                    append_whitespace: false,
-                },
-                kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Command(cmd.command_type(), None)),
-            });
-        }
-
-        matcher.results()
-    }
-}
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/base.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/base.rs
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::completions::CompletionOptions;
 use nu_protocol::{
    engine::{Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    DeclId, Span,
+    Span,
 };
 use reedline::Suggestion;

@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ pub trait Completer {
        &mut self,
        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
        stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
+        prefix: &[u8],
        span: Span,
        offset: usize,
+        pos: usize,
        options: &CompletionOptions,
    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion>;
 }
@ -28,15 +29,9 @@ pub struct SemanticSuggestion {
 // TODO: think about name: maybe suggestion context?
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum SuggestionKind {
-    Command(nu_protocol::engine::CommandType, Option<DeclId>),
-    Value(nu_protocol::Type),
-    CellPath,
-    Directory,
-    File,
-    Flag,
+    Command(nu_protocol::engine::CommandType),
+    Type(nu_protocol::Type),
    Module,
-    Operator,
-    Variable,
 }

 impl From<Suggestion> for SemanticSuggestion {
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/cell_path_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/cell_path_completions.rs
@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-
-use crate::completions::{Completer, CompletionOptions, SemanticSuggestion, SuggestionKind};
-use nu_engine::{column::get_columns, eval_variable};
-use nu_protocol::{
-    ast::{Expr, Expression, FullCellPath, PathMember},
-    engine::{Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    eval_const::eval_constant,
-    ShellError, Span, Value,
-};
-use reedline::Suggestion;
-
-use super::completion_options::NuMatcher;
-
-pub struct CellPathCompletion<'a> {
-    pub full_cell_path: &'a FullCellPath,
-    pub position: usize,
-}
-
-fn prefix_from_path_member(member: &PathMember, pos: usize) -> (String, Span) {
-    let (prefix_str, start) = match member {
-        PathMember::String { val, span, .. } => (val, span.start),
-        PathMember::Int { val, span, .. } => (&val.to_string(), span.start),
-    };
-    let prefix_str = prefix_str.get(..pos + 1 - start).unwrap_or(prefix_str);
-    // strip wrapping quotes
-    let quotations = ['"', '\'', '`'];
-    let prefix_str = prefix_str.strip_prefix(quotations).unwrap_or(prefix_str);
-    (prefix_str.to_string(), Span::new(start, pos + 1))
-}
-
-impl Completer for CellPathCompletion<'_> {
-    fn fetch(
-        &mut self,
-        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        stack: &Stack,
-        _prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
-        _span: Span,
-        offset: usize,
-        options: &CompletionOptions,
-    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-        let mut prefix_str = String::new();
-        // position at dots, e.g. `$env.config.<TAB>`
-        let mut span = Span::new(self.position + 1, self.position + 1);
-        let mut path_member_num_before_pos = 0;
-        for member in self.full_cell_path.tail.iter() {
-            if member.span().end <= self.position {
-                path_member_num_before_pos += 1;
-            } else if member.span().contains(self.position) {
-                (prefix_str, span) = prefix_from_path_member(member, self.position);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        let current_span = reedline::Span {
-            start: span.start - offset,
-            end: span.end - offset,
-        };
-
-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix_str, options);
-        let path_members = self
-            .full_cell_path
-            .tail
-            .get(0..path_member_num_before_pos)
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-        let value = eval_cell_path(
-            working_set,
-            stack,
-            &self.full_cell_path.head,
-            path_members,
-            span,
-        )
-        .unwrap_or_default();
-
-        for suggestion in get_suggestions_by_value(&value, current_span) {
-            matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(suggestion);
-        }
-        matcher.results()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Follow cell path to get the value
-/// NOTE: This is a relatively lightweight implementation,
-/// so it may fail to get the exact value when the expression is complicated.
-/// One failing example would be `[$foo].0`
-pub(crate) fn eval_cell_path(
-    working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-    stack: &Stack,
-    head: &Expression,
-    path_members: &[PathMember],
-    span: Span,
-) -> Result<Value, ShellError> {
-    // evaluate the head expression to get its value
-    let head_value = if let Expr::Var(var_id) = head.expr {
-        working_set
-            .get_variable(var_id)
-            .const_val
-            .to_owned()
-            .map_or_else(
-                || eval_variable(working_set.permanent_state, stack, var_id, span),
-                Ok,
-            )
-    } else {
-        eval_constant(working_set, head)
-    }?;
-    head_value
-        .follow_cell_path(path_members, false)
-        .map(Cow::into_owned)
-}
-
-fn get_suggestions_by_value(
-    value: &Value,
-    current_span: reedline::Span,
-) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-    let to_suggestion = |s: String, v: Option<&Value>| {
-        // Check if the string needs quoting
-        let value = if s.is_empty()
-            || s.chars()
-                .any(|c: char| !(c.is_ascii_alphabetic() || ['_', '-'].contains(&c)))
-        {
-            format!("{:?}", s)
-        } else {
-            s
-        };
-
-        SemanticSuggestion {
-            suggestion: Suggestion {
-                value,
-                span: current_span,
-                description: v.map(|v| v.get_type().to_string()),
-                ..Suggestion::default()
-            },
-            kind: Some(SuggestionKind::CellPath),
-        }
-    };
-    match value {
-        Value::Record { val, .. } => val
-            .columns()
-            .map(|s| to_suggestion(s.to_string(), val.get(s)))
-            .collect(),
-        Value::List { vals, .. } => get_columns(vals.as_slice())
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|s| {
-                let sub_val = vals
-                    .first()
-                    .and_then(|v| v.as_record().ok())
-                    .and_then(|rv| rv.get(&s));
-                to_suggestion(s, sub_val)
-            })
-            .collect(),
-        _ => vec![],
-    }
-}
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/command_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/command_completions.rs
@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ use crate::{
    completions::{Completer, CompletionOptions},
    SuggestionKind,
 };
+use nu_parser::FlatShape;
 use nu_protocol::{
-    engine::{CommandType, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
+    engine::{CachedFile, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
    Span,
 };
 use reedline::Suggestion;
@ -13,13 +14,24 @@ use reedline::Suggestion;
 use super::{completion_options::NuMatcher, SemanticSuggestion};

 pub struct CommandCompletion {
-    /// Whether to include internal commands
-    pub internals: bool,
-    /// Whether to include external commands
-    pub externals: bool,
+    flattened: Vec<(Span, FlatShape)>,
+    flat_shape: FlatShape,
+    force_completion_after_space: bool,
 }

 impl CommandCompletion {
+    pub fn new(
+        flattened: Vec<(Span, FlatShape)>,
+        flat_shape: FlatShape,
+        force_completion_after_space: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            flattened,
+            flat_shape,
+            force_completion_after_space,
+        }
+    }
+
    fn external_command_completion(
        &self,
        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
@ -59,9 +71,6 @@ impl CommandCompletion {
                            if suggs.contains_key(&value) {
                                continue;
                            }
-                            // TODO: check name matching before a relative heavy IO involved
-                            // `is_executable` for performance consideration, should avoid
-                            // duplicated `match_aux` call for matched items in the future
                            if matcher.matches(&name) && is_executable::is_executable(item.path()) {
                                // If there's an internal command with the same name, adds ^cmd to the
                                // matcher so that both the internal and external command are included
@ -75,10 +84,8 @@ impl CommandCompletion {
                                            append_whitespace: true,
                                            ..Default::default()
                                        },
-                                        kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Command(
-                                            CommandType::External,
-                                            None,
-                                        )),
+                                        // TODO: is there a way to create a test?
+                                        kind: None,
                                    },
                                );
                            }
@ -90,50 +97,46 @@ impl CommandCompletion {

        suggs
    }
-}

-impl Completer for CommandCompletion {
-    fn fetch(
-        &mut self,
+    fn complete_commands(
+        &self,
        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        _stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
        span: Span,
        offset: usize,
+        find_externals: bool,
        options: &CompletionOptions,
    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix, options);
+        let partial = working_set.get_span_contents(span);
+        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(String::from_utf8_lossy(partial), options.clone());

        let sugg_span = reedline::Span::new(span.start - offset, span.end - offset);

        let mut internal_suggs = HashMap::new();
-        if self.internals {
-            let filtered_commands = working_set.find_commands_by_predicate(
-                |name| {
-                    let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name);
-                    matcher.add(&name, name.to_string())
-                },
-                true,
-            );
-            for (decl_id, name, description, typ) in filtered_commands {
-                let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(&name);
-                internal_suggs.insert(
-                    name.to_string(),
-                    SemanticSuggestion {
-                        suggestion: Suggestion {
-                            value: name.to_string(),
-                            description,
-                            span: sugg_span,
-                            append_whitespace: true,
-                            ..Suggestion::default()
-                        },
-                        kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Command(typ, Some(decl_id))),
+        let filtered_commands = working_set.find_commands_by_predicate(
+            |name| {
+                let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name);
+                matcher.add(&name, name.to_string())
+            },
+            true,
+        );
+        for (name, description, typ) in filtered_commands {
+            let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(&name);
+            internal_suggs.insert(
+                name.to_string(),
+                SemanticSuggestion {
+                    suggestion: Suggestion {
+                        value: name.to_string(),
+                        description,
+                        span: sugg_span,
+                        append_whitespace: true,
+                        ..Suggestion::default()
                    },
-                );
-            }
+                    kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Command(typ)),
+                },
+            );
        }

-        let mut external_suggs = if self.externals {
+        let mut external_suggs = if find_externals {
            self.external_command_completion(
                working_set,
                sugg_span,
@ -156,3 +159,179 @@ impl Completer for CommandCompletion {
        res
    }
 }
+
+impl Completer for CommandCompletion {
+    fn fetch(
+        &mut self,
+        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
+        _stack: &Stack,
+        _prefix: &[u8],
+        span: Span,
+        offset: usize,
+        pos: usize,
+        options: &CompletionOptions,
+    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
+        let last = self
+            .flattened
+            .iter()
+            .rev()
+            .skip_while(|x| x.0.end > pos)
+            .take_while(|x| {
+                matches!(
+                    x.1,
+                    FlatShape::InternalCall(_)
+                        | FlatShape::External
+                        | FlatShape::ExternalArg
+                        | FlatShape::Literal
+                        | FlatShape::String
+                )
+            })
+            .last();
+
+        // The last item here would be the earliest shape that could possible by part of this subcommand
+        let subcommands = if let Some(last) = last {
+            self.complete_commands(
+                working_set,
+                Span::new(last.0.start, pos),
+                offset,
+                false,
+                options,
+            )
+        } else {
+            vec![]
+        };
+
+        if !subcommands.is_empty() {
+            return subcommands;
+        }
+
+        let config = working_set.get_config();
+        if matches!(self.flat_shape, nu_parser::FlatShape::External)
+            || matches!(self.flat_shape, nu_parser::FlatShape::InternalCall(_))
+            || ((span.end - span.start) == 0)
+            || is_passthrough_command(working_set.delta.get_file_contents())
+        {
+            // we're in a gap or at a command
+            if working_set.get_span_contents(span).is_empty() && !self.force_completion_after_space
+            {
+                return vec![];
+            }
+            self.complete_commands(
+                working_set,
+                span,
+                offset,
+                config.completions.external.enable,
+                options,
+            )
+        } else {
+            vec![]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn find_non_whitespace_index(contents: &[u8], start: usize) -> usize {
+    match contents.get(start..) {
+        Some(contents) => {
+            contents
+                .iter()
+                .take_while(|x| x.is_ascii_whitespace())
+                .count()
+                + start
+        }
+        None => start,
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn is_passthrough_command(working_set_file_contents: &[CachedFile]) -> bool {
+    for cached_file in working_set_file_contents {
+        let contents = &cached_file.content;
+        let last_pipe_pos_rev = contents.iter().rev().position(|x| x == &b'|');
+        let last_pipe_pos = last_pipe_pos_rev.map(|x| contents.len() - x).unwrap_or(0);
+
+        let cur_pos = find_non_whitespace_index(contents, last_pipe_pos);
+
+        let result = match contents.get(cur_pos..) {
+            Some(contents) => contents.starts_with(b"sudo ") || contents.starts_with(b"doas "),
+            None => false,
+        };
+        if result {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    false
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod command_completions_tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use nu_protocol::engine::EngineState;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_find_non_whitespace_index() {
+        let commands = [
+            ("    hello", 4),
+            ("sudo ", 0),
+            (" 	sudo ", 2),
+            ("	 sudo ", 2),
+            ("	hello ", 1),
+            ("	  hello ", 3),
+            ("    hello | sudo ", 4),
+            ("     sudo|sudo", 5),
+            ("sudo | sudo ", 0),
+            ("	hello sud", 1),
+        ];
+        for (idx, ele) in commands.iter().enumerate() {
+            let index = find_non_whitespace_index(ele.0.as_bytes(), 0);
+            assert_eq!(index, ele.1, "Failed on index {}", idx);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_last_command_passthrough() {
+        let commands = [
+            ("    hello", false),
+            ("    sudo ", true),
+            ("sudo ", true),
+            ("	hello", false),
+            ("	sudo", false),
+            ("	sudo ", true),
+            (" 	sudo ", true),
+            ("	 sudo ", true),
+            ("	hello ", false),
+            ("    hello | sudo ", true),
+            ("    sudo|sudo", false),
+            ("sudo | sudo ", true),
+            ("	hello sud", false),
+            ("	sudo | sud ", false),
+            ("	sudo|sudo ", true),
+            (" 	sudo | sudo ls | sudo ", true),
+        ];
+        for (idx, ele) in commands.iter().enumerate() {
+            let input = ele.0.as_bytes();
+
+            let mut engine_state = EngineState::new();
+            engine_state.add_file("test.nu".into(), Arc::new([]));
+
+            let delta = {
+                let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(&engine_state);
+                let _ = working_set.add_file("child.nu".into(), input);
+                working_set.render()
+            };
+
+            let result = engine_state.merge_delta(delta);
+            assert!(
+                result.is_ok(),
+                "Merge delta has failed: {}",
+                result.err().unwrap()
+            );
+
+            let is_passthrough_command = is_passthrough_command(engine_state.get_file_contents());
+            assert_eq!(
+                is_passthrough_command, ele.1,
+                "index for '{}': {}",
+                ele.0, idx
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/completer.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/completer.rs
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/completion_common.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/completion_common.rs
@ -22,22 +22,18 @@ pub struct PathBuiltFromString {
 /// Recursively goes through paths that match a given `partial`.
 /// built: State struct for a valid matching path built so far.
 ///
-/// `want_directory`: Whether we want only directories as completion matches.
-/// Some commands like `cd` can only be run on directories whereas others
-/// like `ls` can be run on regular files as well.
-///
 /// `isdir`: whether the current partial path has a trailing slash.
 /// Parsing a path string into a pathbuf loses that bit of information.
 ///
-/// `enable_exact_match`: Whether match algorithm is Prefix and all previous components
-/// of the path matched a directory exactly.
+/// want_directory: Whether we want only directories as completion matches.
+/// Some commands like `cd` can only be run on directories whereas others
+/// like `ls` can be run on regular files as well.
 fn complete_rec(
    partial: &[&str],
    built_paths: &[PathBuiltFromString],
    options: &CompletionOptions,
    want_directory: bool,
    isdir: bool,
-    enable_exact_match: bool,
 ) -> Vec<PathBuiltFromString> {
    if let Some((&base, rest)) = partial.split_first() {
        if base.chars().all(|c| c == '.') && (isdir || !rest.is_empty()) {
@ -50,19 +46,12 @@ fn complete_rec(
                    built
                })
                .collect();
-            return complete_rec(
-                rest,
-                &built_paths,
-                options,
-                want_directory,
-                isdir,
-                enable_exact_match,
-            );
+            return complete_rec(rest, &built_paths, options, want_directory, isdir);
        }
    }

    let prefix = partial.first().unwrap_or(&"");
-    let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix, options);
+    let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix, options.clone());

    for built in built_paths {
        let mut path = built.cwd.clone();
@ -76,11 +65,10 @@ fn complete_rec(

        for entry in result.filter_map(|e| e.ok()) {
            let entry_name = entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().into_owned();
-            let entry_isdir = entry.path().is_dir();
+            let entry_isdir = entry.path().is_dir() && !entry.path().is_symlink();
            let mut built = built.clone();
            built.parts.push(entry_name.clone());
-            // Symlinks to directories shouldn't have a trailing slash (#13275)
-            built.isdir = entry_isdir && !entry.path().is_symlink();
+            built.isdir = entry_isdir;

            if !want_directory || entry_isdir {
                matcher.add(entry_name.clone(), (entry_name, built));
@ -97,26 +85,27 @@ fn complete_rec(
                // Serves as confirmation to ignore longer completions for
                // components in between.
                if !rest.is_empty() || isdir {
-                    // Don't show longer completions if we have an exact match (#13204, #14794)
-                    let exact_match = enable_exact_match
-                        && (if options.case_sensitive {
-                            entry_name.eq(base)
-                        } else {
-                            entry_name.eq_ignore_case(base)
-                        });
                    completions.extend(complete_rec(
                        rest,
                        &[built],
                        options,
                        want_directory,
                        isdir,
-                        exact_match,
                    ));
+                } else {
+                    completions.push(built);
+                }
+
+                // For https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/13204
+                if isdir && options.match_algorithm == MatchAlgorithm::Prefix {
+                    let exact_match = if options.case_sensitive {
+                        entry_name.eq(base)
+                    } else {
+                        entry_name.to_folded_case().eq(&base.to_folded_case())
+                    };
                    if exact_match {
                        break;
                    }
-                } else {
-                    completions.push(built);
                }
            }
            None => {
@ -150,7 +139,7 @@ impl OriginalCwd {
    }
 }

-pub fn surround_remove(partial: &str) -> String {
+fn surround_remove(partial: &str) -> String {
    for c in ['`', '"', '\''] {
        if partial.starts_with(c) {
            let ret = partial.strip_prefix(c).unwrap_or(partial);
@ -168,7 +157,6 @@ pub struct FileSuggestion {
    pub span: nu_protocol::Span,
    pub path: String,
    pub style: Option<Style>,
-    pub is_dir: bool,
 }

 /// # Parameters
@ -209,9 +197,10 @@ pub fn complete_item(
    let ls_colors = (engine_state.config.completions.use_ls_colors
        && engine_state.config.use_ansi_coloring.get(engine_state))
    .then(|| {
-        let ls_colors_env_str = stack
-            .get_env_var(engine_state, "LS_COLORS")
-            .and_then(|v| env_to_string("LS_COLORS", v, engine_state, stack).ok());
+        let ls_colors_env_str = match stack.get_env_var(engine_state, "LS_COLORS") {
+            Some(v) => env_to_string("LS_COLORS", v, engine_state, stack).ok(),
+            None => None,
+        };
        get_ls_colors(ls_colors_env_str)
    });

@ -265,57 +254,57 @@ pub fn complete_item(
        options,
        want_directory,
        isdir,
-        options.match_algorithm == MatchAlgorithm::Prefix,
    )
    .into_iter()
    .map(|mut p| {
        if should_collapse_dots {
            p = collapse_ndots(p);
        }
-        let is_dir = p.isdir;
        let path = original_cwd.apply(p, path_separator);
-        let real_path = expand_to_real_path(&path);
-        let metadata = std::fs::symlink_metadata(&real_path).ok();
        let style = ls_colors.as_ref().map(|lsc| {
-            lsc.style_for_path_with_metadata(&real_path, metadata.as_ref())
-                .map(lscolors::Style::to_nu_ansi_term_style)
-                .unwrap_or_default()
+            lsc.style_for_path_with_metadata(
+                &path,
+                std::fs::symlink_metadata(expand_to_real_path(&path))
+                    .ok()
+                    .as_ref(),
+            )
+            .map(lscolors::Style::to_nu_ansi_term_style)
+            .unwrap_or_default()
        });
        FileSuggestion {
            span,
-            path: escape_path(path),
+            path: escape_path(path, want_directory),
            style,
-            is_dir,
        }
    })
    .collect()
 }

 // Fix files or folders with quotes or hashes
-pub fn escape_path(path: String) -> String {
+pub fn escape_path(path: String, dir: bool) -> String {
    // make glob pattern have the highest priority.
-    if nu_glob::is_glob(path.as_str()) || path.contains('`') {
-        // expand home `~` for https://github.com/nushell/nushell/issues/13905
+    if nu_glob::is_glob(path.as_str()) {
        let pathbuf = nu_path::expand_tilde(path);
        let path = pathbuf.to_string_lossy();
-        if path.contains('\'') {
-            // decide to use double quotes
-            // Path as Debug will do the escaping for `"`, `\`
-            format!("{:?}", path)
+        return if path.contains('\'') {
+            // decide to use double quote, also need to escape `"` in path
+            // or else users can't do anything with completed path either.
+            format!("\"{}\"", path.replace('"', r#"\""#))
        } else {
            format!("'{path}'")
-        }
+        };
+    }
+
+    let filename_contaminated = !dir && path.contains(['\'', '"', ' ', '#', '(', ')']);
+    let dirname_contaminated = dir && path.contains(['\'', '"', ' ', '#']);
+    let maybe_flag = path.starts_with('-');
+    let maybe_variable = path.starts_with('$');
+    let maybe_number = path.parse::<f64>().is_ok();
+    if filename_contaminated || dirname_contaminated || maybe_flag || maybe_variable || maybe_number
+    {
+        format!("`{path}`")
    } else {
-        let contaminated =
-            path.contains(['\'', '"', ' ', '#', '(', ')', '{', '}', '[', ']', '|', ';']);
-        let maybe_flag = path.starts_with('-');
-        let maybe_variable = path.starts_with('$');
-        let maybe_number = path.parse::<f64>().is_ok();
-        if contaminated || maybe_flag || maybe_variable || maybe_number {
-            format!("`{path}`")
-        } else {
-            path
-        }
+        path
    }
 }

@ -326,12 +315,12 @@ pub struct AdjustView {
 }

 pub fn adjust_if_intermediate(
-    prefix: &str,
+    prefix: &[u8],
    working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
    mut span: nu_protocol::Span,
 ) -> AdjustView {
    let span_contents = String::from_utf8_lossy(working_set.get_span_contents(span)).to_string();
-    let mut prefix = prefix.to_string();
+    let mut prefix = String::from_utf8_lossy(prefix).to_string();

    // A difference of 1 because of the cursor's unicode code point in between.
    // Using .chars().count() because unicode and Windows.
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/completion_options.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/completion_options.rs
@ -18,12 +18,6 @@ pub enum MatchAlgorithm {
    /// "git switch" is matched by "git sw"
    Prefix,

-    /// Only show suggestions which have a substring matching with the given input
-    ///
-    /// Example:
-    /// "git checkout" is matched by "checkout"
-    Substring,
-
    /// Only show suggestions which contain the input chars at any place
    ///
    /// Example:
@ -31,8 +25,8 @@ pub enum MatchAlgorithm {
    Fuzzy,
 }

-pub struct NuMatcher<'a, T> {
-    options: &'a CompletionOptions,
+pub struct NuMatcher<T> {
+    options: CompletionOptions,
    needle: String,
    state: State<T>,
 }
@ -42,10 +36,6 @@ enum State<T> {
        /// Holds (haystack, item)
        items: Vec<(String, T)>,
    },
-    Substring {
-        /// Holds (haystack, item)
-        items: Vec<(String, T)>,
-    },
    Fuzzy {
        matcher: Matcher,
        atom: Atom,
@ -55,11 +45,11 @@ enum State<T> {
 }

 /// Filters and sorts suggestions
-impl<T> NuMatcher<'_, T> {
+impl<T> NuMatcher<T> {
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `needle` - The text to search for
-    pub fn new(needle: impl AsRef<str>, options: &CompletionOptions) -> NuMatcher<T> {
+    pub fn new(needle: impl AsRef<str>, options: CompletionOptions) -> NuMatcher<T> {
        let needle = trim_quotes_str(needle.as_ref());
        match options.match_algorithm {
            MatchAlgorithm::Prefix => {
@ -74,18 +64,6 @@ impl<T> NuMatcher<'_, T> {
                    state: State::Prefix { items: Vec::new() },
                }
            }
-            MatchAlgorithm::Substring => {
-                let lowercase_needle = if options.case_sensitive {
-                    needle.to_owned()
-                } else {
-                    needle.to_folded_case()
-                };
-                NuMatcher {
-                    options,
-                    needle: lowercase_needle,
-                    state: State::Substring { items: Vec::new() },
-                }
-            }
            MatchAlgorithm::Fuzzy => {
                let atom = Atom::new(
                    needle,
@ -124,21 +102,11 @@ impl<T> NuMatcher<'_, T> {
                } else {
                    Cow::Owned(haystack.to_folded_case())
                };
-                let matches = haystack_folded.starts_with(self.needle.as_str());
-                if matches {
-                    if let Some(item) = item {
-                        items.push((haystack.to_string(), item));
-                    }
-                }
-                matches
-            }
-            State::Substring { items } => {
-                let haystack_folded = if self.options.case_sensitive {
-                    Cow::Borrowed(haystack)
+                let matches = if self.options.positional {
+                    haystack_folded.starts_with(self.needle.as_str())
                } else {
-                    Cow::Owned(haystack.to_folded_case())
+                    haystack_folded.contains(self.needle.as_str())
                };
-                let matches = haystack_folded.contains(self.needle.as_str());
                if matches {
                    if let Some(item) = item {
                        items.push((haystack.to_string(), item));
@ -180,7 +148,7 @@ impl<T> NuMatcher<'_, T> {
    /// Get all the items that matched (sorted)
    pub fn results(self) -> Vec<T> {
        match self.state {
-            State::Prefix { mut items, .. } | State::Substring { mut items, .. } => {
+            State::Prefix { mut items, .. } => {
                items.sort_by(|(haystack1, _), (haystack2, _)| {
                    let cmp_sensitive = haystack1.cmp(haystack2);
                    if self.options.case_sensitive {
@ -216,7 +184,7 @@ impl<T> NuMatcher<'_, T> {
    }
 }

-impl NuMatcher<'_, SemanticSuggestion> {
+impl NuMatcher<SemanticSuggestion> {
    pub fn add_semantic_suggestion(&mut self, sugg: SemanticSuggestion) -> bool {
        let value = sugg.suggestion.value.to_string();
        self.add(value, sugg)
@ -227,7 +195,6 @@ impl From<CompletionAlgorithm> for MatchAlgorithm {
    fn from(value: CompletionAlgorithm) -> Self {
        match value {
            CompletionAlgorithm::Prefix => MatchAlgorithm::Prefix,
-            CompletionAlgorithm::Substring => MatchAlgorithm::Substring,
            CompletionAlgorithm::Fuzzy => MatchAlgorithm::Fuzzy,
        }
    }
@ -239,7 +206,6 @@ impl TryFrom<String> for MatchAlgorithm {
    fn try_from(value: String) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        match value.as_str() {
            "prefix" => Ok(Self::Prefix),
-            "substring" => Ok(Self::Substring),
            "fuzzy" => Ok(Self::Fuzzy),
            _ => Err(InvalidMatchAlgorithm::Unknown),
        }
@ -264,6 +230,7 @@ impl std::error::Error for InvalidMatchAlgorithm {}
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct CompletionOptions {
    pub case_sensitive: bool,
+    pub positional: bool,
    pub match_algorithm: MatchAlgorithm,
    pub sort: CompletionSort,
 }
@ -272,6 +239,7 @@ impl Default for CompletionOptions {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            case_sensitive: true,
+            positional: true,
            match_algorithm: MatchAlgorithm::Prefix,
            sort: Default::default(),
        }
@ -288,9 +256,6 @@ mod test {
    #[case(MatchAlgorithm::Prefix, "example text", "", true)]
    #[case(MatchAlgorithm::Prefix, "example text", "examp", true)]
    #[case(MatchAlgorithm::Prefix, "example text", "text", false)]
-    #[case(MatchAlgorithm::Substring, "example text", "", true)]
-    #[case(MatchAlgorithm::Substring, "example text", "text", true)]
-    #[case(MatchAlgorithm::Substring, "example text", "mplxt", false)]
    #[case(MatchAlgorithm::Fuzzy, "example text", "", true)]
    #[case(MatchAlgorithm::Fuzzy, "example text", "examp", true)]
    #[case(MatchAlgorithm::Fuzzy, "example text", "ext", true)]
@ -306,7 +271,7 @@ mod test {
            match_algorithm,
            ..Default::default()
        };
-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(needle, &options);
+        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(needle, options);
        matcher.add(haystack, haystack);
        if should_match {
            assert_eq!(vec![haystack], matcher.results());
@ -321,7 +286,7 @@ mod test {
            match_algorithm: MatchAlgorithm::Fuzzy,
            ..Default::default()
        };
-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new("fob", &options);
+        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new("fob", options);
        for item in ["foo/bar", "fob", "foo bar"] {
            matcher.add(item, item);
        }
@ -335,7 +300,7 @@ mod test {
            match_algorithm: MatchAlgorithm::Fuzzy,
            ..Default::default()
        };
-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new("'love spaces' ", &options);
+        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new("'love spaces' ", options);
        for item in [
            "'i love spaces'",
            "'i love spaces' so much",
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/custom_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/custom_completions.rs
@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 use crate::completions::{
-    completer::map_value_completions, Completer, CompletionOptions, MatchAlgorithm,
-    SemanticSuggestion,
+    completer::map_value_completions, Completer, CompletionOptions, SemanticSuggestion,
 };
 use nu_engine::eval_call;
 use nu_protocol::{
    ast::{Argument, Call, Expr, Expression},
    debugger::WithoutDebug,
-    engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
+    engine::{Stack, StateWorkingSet},
    DeclId, PipelineData, Span, Type, Value,
 };
 use std::collections::HashMap;
@ -14,18 +13,18 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use super::completion_options::NuMatcher;

 pub struct CustomCompletion<T: Completer> {
+    stack: Stack,
    decl_id: DeclId,
    line: String,
-    line_pos: usize,
    fallback: T,
 }

 impl<T: Completer> CustomCompletion<T> {
-    pub fn new(decl_id: DeclId, line: String, line_pos: usize, fallback: T) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(stack: Stack, decl_id: DeclId, line: String, fallback: T) -> Self {
        Self {
+            stack,
            decl_id,
            line,
-            line_pos,
            fallback,
        }
    }
@ -36,44 +35,38 @@ impl<T: Completer> Completer for CustomCompletion<T> {
        &mut self,
        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
        stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
+        prefix: &[u8],
        span: Span,
        offset: usize,
+        pos: usize,
        orig_options: &CompletionOptions,
    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
+        // Line position
+        let line_pos = pos - offset;
+
        // Call custom declaration
-        let mut stack_mut = stack.clone();
-        let mut eval = |engine_state: &EngineState| {
-            eval_call::<WithoutDebug>(
-                engine_state,
-                &mut stack_mut,
-                &Call {
-                    decl_id: self.decl_id,
-                    head: span,
-                    arguments: vec![
-                        Argument::Positional(Expression::new_unknown(
-                            Expr::String(self.line.clone()),
-                            Span::unknown(),
-                            Type::String,
-                        )),
-                        Argument::Positional(Expression::new_unknown(
-                            Expr::Int(self.line_pos as i64),
-                            Span::unknown(),
-                            Type::Int,
-                        )),
-                    ],
-                    parser_info: HashMap::new(),
-                },
-                PipelineData::empty(),
-            )
-        };
-        let result = if self.decl_id.get() < working_set.permanent_state.num_decls() {
-            eval(working_set.permanent_state)
-        } else {
-            let mut engine_state = working_set.permanent_state.clone();
-            let _ = engine_state.merge_delta(working_set.delta.clone());
-            eval(&engine_state)
-        };
+        let result = eval_call::<WithoutDebug>(
+            working_set.permanent_state,
+            &mut self.stack,
+            &Call {
+                decl_id: self.decl_id,
+                head: span,
+                arguments: vec![
+                    Argument::Positional(Expression::new_unknown(
+                        Expr::String(self.line.clone()),
+                        Span::unknown(),
+                        Type::String,
+                    )),
+                    Argument::Positional(Expression::new_unknown(
+                        Expr::Int(line_pos as i64),
+                        Span::unknown(),
+                        Type::Int,
+                    )),
+                ],
+                parser_info: HashMap::new(),
+            },
+            PipelineData::empty(),
+        );

        let mut completion_options = orig_options.clone();
        let mut should_sort = true;
@ -103,10 +96,10 @@ impl<T: Completer> Completer for CustomCompletion<T> {
                        {
                            completion_options.case_sensitive = case_sensitive;
                        }
-                        let positional =
-                            options.get("positional").and_then(|val| val.as_bool().ok());
-                        if positional.is_some() {
-                            log::warn!("Use of the positional option is deprecated. Use the substring match algorithm instead.");
+                        if let Some(positional) =
+                            options.get("positional").and_then(|val| val.as_bool().ok())
+                        {
+                            completion_options.positional = positional;
                        }
                        if let Some(algorithm) = options
                            .get("completion_algorithm")
@ -114,11 +107,6 @@ impl<T: Completer> Completer for CustomCompletion<T> {
                            .and_then(|option| option.try_into().ok())
                        {
                            completion_options.match_algorithm = algorithm;
-                            if let Some(false) = positional {
-                                if completion_options.match_algorithm == MatchAlgorithm::Prefix {
-                                    completion_options.match_algorithm = MatchAlgorithm::Substring
-                                }
-                            }
                        }
                    }

@ -132,6 +120,7 @@ impl<T: Completer> Completer for CustomCompletion<T> {
                        prefix,
                        span,
                        offset,
+                        pos,
                        orig_options,
                    );
                }
@ -149,7 +138,7 @@ impl<T: Completer> Completer for CustomCompletion<T> {
            }
        };

-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix, &completion_options);
+        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(String::from_utf8_lossy(prefix), completion_options);

        if should_sort {
            for sugg in suggestions {
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/directory_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/directory_completions.rs
@ -9,22 +9,29 @@ use nu_protocol::{
 use reedline::Suggestion;
 use std::path::Path;

-use super::{completion_common::FileSuggestion, SemanticSuggestion, SuggestionKind};
+use super::{completion_common::FileSuggestion, SemanticSuggestion};

-pub struct DirectoryCompletion;
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct DirectoryCompletion {}
+
+impl DirectoryCompletion {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+}

 impl Completer for DirectoryCompletion {
    fn fetch(
        &mut self,
        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
        stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
+        prefix: &[u8],
        span: Span,
        offset: usize,
+        _pos: usize,
        options: &CompletionOptions,
    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-        let AdjustView { prefix, span, .. } =
-            adjust_if_intermediate(prefix.as_ref(), working_set, span);
+        let AdjustView { prefix, span, .. } = adjust_if_intermediate(prefix, working_set, span);

        // Filter only the folders
        #[allow(deprecated)]
@ -47,7 +54,8 @@ impl Completer for DirectoryCompletion {
                },
                ..Suggestion::default()
            },
-            kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Directory),
+            // TODO????
+            kind: None,
        })
        .collect();

--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/dotnu_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/dotnu_completions.rs
@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
-use crate::completions::{
-    completion_common::{surround_remove, FileSuggestion},
-    completion_options::NuMatcher,
-    file_path_completion, Completer, CompletionOptions, SemanticSuggestion, SuggestionKind,
-};
+use crate::completions::{file_path_completion, Completer, CompletionOptions};
 use nu_path::expand_tilde;
 use nu_protocol::{
-    engine::{Stack, StateWorkingSet, VirtualPath},
+    engine::{Stack, StateWorkingSet},
    Span,
 };
 use reedline::Suggestion;
-use std::{
-    collections::HashSet,
-    path::{is_separator, PathBuf, MAIN_SEPARATOR_STR},
-};
+use std::path::{is_separator, PathBuf, MAIN_SEPARATOR as SEP, MAIN_SEPARATOR_STR};

-pub struct DotNuCompletion {
-    /// e.g. use std/a<tab>
-    pub std_virtual_path: bool,
+use super::{SemanticSuggestion, SuggestionKind};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct DotNuCompletion {}
+
+impl DotNuCompletion {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
 }

 impl Completer for DotNuCompletion {
@ -24,90 +23,62 @@ impl Completer for DotNuCompletion {
        &mut self,
        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
        stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
+        prefix: &[u8],
        span: Span,
        offset: usize,
+        _pos: usize,
        options: &CompletionOptions,
    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-        let prefix_str = prefix.as_ref();
+        let prefix_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(prefix);
        let start_with_backquote = prefix_str.starts_with('`');
        let end_with_backquote = prefix_str.ends_with('`');
        let prefix_str = prefix_str.replace('`', "");
-        // e.g. `./`, `..\`, `/`
-        let not_lib_dirs = prefix_str
-            .chars()
-            .find(|c| *c != '.')
-            .is_some_and(is_separator);
        let mut search_dirs: Vec<PathBuf> = vec![];

-        let (base, partial) = if let Some((parent, remain)) = prefix_str.rsplit_once(is_separator) {
-            // If prefix_str is only a word we want to search in the current dir.
-            // "/xx" should be split to "/" and "xx".
-            if parent.is_empty() {
-                (MAIN_SEPARATOR_STR, remain)
-            } else {
-                (parent, remain)
-            }
-        } else {
-            (".", prefix_str.as_str())
-        };
+        // If prefix_str is only a word we want to search in the current dir
+        let (base, partial) = prefix_str
+            .rsplit_once(is_separator)
+            .unwrap_or((".", &prefix_str));
        let base_dir = base.replace(is_separator, MAIN_SEPARATOR_STR);

        // Fetch the lib dirs
-        // NOTE: 2 ways to setup `NU_LIB_DIRS`
-        // 1. `const NU_LIB_DIRS = [paths]`, equal to `nu -I paths`
-        // 2. `$env.NU_LIB_DIRS = [paths]`
-        let const_lib_dirs = working_set
+        let lib_dirs: Vec<PathBuf> = working_set
            .find_variable(b"$NU_LIB_DIRS")
-            .and_then(|vid| working_set.get_variable(vid).const_val.as_ref());
-        let env_lib_dirs = working_set.get_env_var("NU_LIB_DIRS");
-        let lib_dirs: HashSet<PathBuf> = [const_lib_dirs, env_lib_dirs]
-            .into_iter()
-            .flatten()
-            .flat_map(|lib_dirs| {
+            .and_then(|vid| working_set.get_variable(vid).const_val.as_ref())
+            .or(working_set.get_env_var("NU_LIB_DIRS"))
+            .map(|lib_dirs| {
                lib_dirs
                    .as_list()
                    .into_iter()
                    .flat_map(|it| it.iter().filter_map(|x| x.to_path().ok()))
                    .map(expand_tilde)
+                    .collect()
            })
-            .collect();
+            .unwrap_or_default();

        // Check if the base_dir is a folder
+        // rsplit_once removes the separator
        let cwd = working_set.permanent_state.cwd(None);
        if base_dir != "." {
-            let expanded_base_dir = expand_tilde(&base_dir);
-            let is_base_dir_relative = expanded_base_dir.is_relative();
-            // Search in base_dir as well as lib_dirs.
-            // After expanded, base_dir can be a relative path or absolute path.
-            // If relative, we join "current working dir" with it to get subdirectory and add to search_dirs.
-            // If absolute, we add it to search_dirs.
+            // Search in base_dir as well as lib_dirs
            if let Ok(mut cwd) = cwd {
-                if is_base_dir_relative {
-                    cwd.push(&base_dir);
-                    search_dirs.push(cwd.into_std_path_buf());
-                } else {
-                    search_dirs.push(expanded_base_dir);
-                }
-            }
-            if !not_lib_dirs {
-                search_dirs.extend(lib_dirs.into_iter().map(|mut dir| {
-                    dir.push(&base_dir);
-                    dir
-                }));
+                cwd.push(&base_dir);
+                search_dirs.push(cwd.into_std_path_buf());
            }
+            search_dirs.extend(lib_dirs.into_iter().map(|mut dir| {
+                dir.push(&base_dir);
+                dir
+            }));
        } else {
            if let Ok(cwd) = cwd {
                search_dirs.push(cwd.into_std_path_buf());
            }
-            if !not_lib_dirs {
-                search_dirs.extend(lib_dirs);
-            }
+            search_dirs.extend(lib_dirs);
        }

        // Fetch the files filtering the ones that ends with .nu
        // and transform them into suggestions
-        let mut completions = file_path_completion(
+        let completions = file_path_completion(
            span,
            partial,
            &search_dirs
@ -118,67 +89,22 @@ impl Completer for DotNuCompletion {
            working_set.permanent_state,
            stack,
        );
-
-        if self.std_virtual_path {
-            let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(partial, options);
-            let base_dir = surround_remove(&base_dir);
-            if base_dir == "." {
-                let surround_prefix = partial
-                    .chars()
-                    .take_while(|c| "`'\"".contains(*c))
-                    .collect::<String>();
-                for path in ["std", "std-rfc"] {
-                    let path = format!("{}{}", surround_prefix, path);
-                    matcher.add(
-                        path.clone(),
-                        FileSuggestion {
-                            span,
-                            path,
-                            style: None,
-                            is_dir: true,
-                        },
-                    );
-                }
-            } else if let Some(VirtualPath::Dir(sub_paths)) =
-                working_set.find_virtual_path(&base_dir)
-            {
-                for sub_vp_id in sub_paths {
-                    let (path, sub_vp) = working_set.get_virtual_path(*sub_vp_id);
-                    let path = path
-                        .strip_prefix(&format!("{}/", base_dir))
-                        .unwrap_or(path)
-                        .to_string();
-                    matcher.add(
-                        path.clone(),
-                        FileSuggestion {
-                            path,
-                            span,
-                            style: None,
-                            is_dir: matches!(sub_vp, VirtualPath::Dir(_)),
-                        },
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-            completions.extend(matcher.results());
-        }
-
        completions
            .into_iter()
            // Different base dir, so we list the .nu files or folders
            .filter(|it| {
                // for paths with spaces in them
                let path = it.path.trim_end_matches('`');
-                path.ends_with(".nu") || it.is_dir
+                path.ends_with(".nu") || path.ends_with(SEP)
            })
            .map(|x| {
-                let append_whitespace = !x.is_dir && (!start_with_backquote || end_with_backquote);
+                let append_whitespace =
+                    x.path.ends_with(".nu") && (!start_with_backquote || end_with_backquote);
                // Re-calculate the span to replace
                let mut span_offset = 0;
                let mut value = x.path.to_string();
                // Complete only the last path component
-                if base_dir == MAIN_SEPARATOR_STR {
-                    span_offset = base_dir.len()
-                } else if base_dir != "." {
+                if base_dir != "." {
                    span_offset = base_dir.len() + 1
                }
                // Retain only one '`'
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/exportable_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/exportable_completions.rs
@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-use crate::completions::{
-    completion_common::surround_remove, completion_options::NuMatcher, Completer,
-    CompletionOptions, SemanticSuggestion, SuggestionKind,
-};
-use nu_protocol::{
-    engine::{Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    ModuleId, Span,
-};
-use reedline::Suggestion;
-
-pub struct ExportableCompletion<'a> {
-    pub module_id: ModuleId,
-    pub temp_working_set: Option<StateWorkingSet<'a>>,
-}
-
-/// If name contains space, wrap it in quotes
-fn wrapped_name(name: String) -> String {
-    if !name.contains(' ') {
-        return name;
-    }
-    if name.contains('\'') {
-        format!("\"{}\"", name.replace('"', r#"\""#))
-    } else {
-        format!("'{name}'")
-    }
-}
-
-impl Completer for ExportableCompletion<'_> {
-    fn fetch(
-        &mut self,
-        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        _stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
-        span: Span,
-        offset: usize,
-        options: &CompletionOptions,
-    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::<()>::new(surround_remove(prefix.as_ref()), options);
-        let mut results = Vec::new();
-        let span = reedline::Span {
-            start: span.start - offset,
-            end: span.end - offset,
-        };
-        // TODO: use matcher.add_lazy to lazy evaluate an item if it matches the prefix
-        let mut add_suggestion = |value: String,
-                                  description: Option<String>,
-                                  extra: Option<Vec<String>>,
-                                  kind: SuggestionKind| {
-            results.push(SemanticSuggestion {
-                suggestion: Suggestion {
-                    value,
-                    span,
-                    description,
-                    extra,
-                    ..Suggestion::default()
-                },
-                kind: Some(kind),
-            });
-        };
-
-        let working_set = self.temp_working_set.as_ref().unwrap_or(working_set);
-        let module = working_set.get_module(self.module_id);
-
-        for (name, decl_id) in &module.decls {
-            let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name).to_string();
-            if matcher.matches(&name) {
-                let cmd = working_set.get_decl(*decl_id);
-                add_suggestion(
-                    wrapped_name(name),
-                    Some(cmd.description().to_string()),
-                    None,
-                    // `None` here avoids arguments being expanded by snippet edit style for lsp
-                    SuggestionKind::Command(cmd.command_type(), None),
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        for (name, module_id) in &module.submodules {
-            let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name).to_string();
-            if matcher.matches(&name) {
-                let comments = working_set.get_module_comments(*module_id).map(|spans| {
-                    spans
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|sp| {
-                            String::from_utf8_lossy(working_set.get_span_contents(*sp)).into()
-                        })
-                        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
-                });
-                add_suggestion(
-                    wrapped_name(name),
-                    Some("Submodule".into()),
-                    comments,
-                    SuggestionKind::Module,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        for (name, var_id) in &module.constants {
-            let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name).to_string();
-            if matcher.matches(&name) {
-                let var = working_set.get_variable(*var_id);
-                add_suggestion(
-                    wrapped_name(name),
-                    var.const_val
-                        .as_ref()
-                        .and_then(|v| v.clone().coerce_into_string().ok()),
-                    None,
-                    SuggestionKind::Variable,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        results
-    }
-}
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/file_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/file_completions.rs
@ -9,25 +9,33 @@ use nu_protocol::{
 use reedline::Suggestion;
 use std::path::Path;

-use super::{completion_common::FileSuggestion, SemanticSuggestion, SuggestionKind};
+use super::{completion_common::FileSuggestion, SemanticSuggestion};

-pub struct FileCompletion;
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct FileCompletion {}
+
+impl FileCompletion {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+}

 impl Completer for FileCompletion {
    fn fetch(
        &mut self,
        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
        stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
+        prefix: &[u8],
        span: Span,
        offset: usize,
+        _pos: usize,
        options: &CompletionOptions,
    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
        let AdjustView {
            prefix,
            span,
            readjusted,
-        } = adjust_if_intermediate(prefix.as_ref(), working_set, span);
+        } = adjust_if_intermediate(prefix, working_set, span);

        #[allow(deprecated)]
        let items: Vec<_> = complete_item(
@ -50,11 +58,8 @@ impl Completer for FileCompletion {
                },
                ..Suggestion::default()
            },
-            kind: Some(if x.is_dir {
-                SuggestionKind::Directory
-            } else {
-                SuggestionKind::File
-            }),
+            // TODO????
+            kind: None,
        })
        .collect();

--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/flag_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/flag_completions.rs
@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
-use crate::completions::{
-    completion_options::NuMatcher, Completer, CompletionOptions, SemanticSuggestion, SuggestionKind,
-};
+use crate::completions::{completion_options::NuMatcher, Completer, CompletionOptions};
 use nu_protocol::{
+    ast::{Expr, Expression},
    engine::{Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    DeclId, Span,
+    Span,
 };
 use reedline::Suggestion;

+use super::SemanticSuggestion;
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct FlagCompletion {
-    pub decl_id: DeclId,
+    expression: Expression,
+}
+
+impl FlagCompletion {
+    pub fn new(expression: Expression) -> Self {
+        Self { expression }
+    }
 }

 impl Completer for FlagCompletion {
@ -17,42 +24,69 @@ impl Completer for FlagCompletion {
        &mut self,
        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
        _stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
+        prefix: &[u8],
        span: Span,
        offset: usize,
+        _pos: usize,
        options: &CompletionOptions,
    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix, options);
-        let mut add_suggestion = |value: String, description: String| {
-            matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
-                suggestion: Suggestion {
-                    value,
-                    description: Some(description),
-                    span: reedline::Span {
-                        start: span.start - offset,
-                        end: span.end - offset,
+        // Check if it's a flag
+        if let Expr::Call(call) = &self.expression.expr {
+            let decl = working_set.get_decl(call.decl_id);
+            let sig = decl.signature();
+
+            let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(String::from_utf8_lossy(prefix), options.clone());
+
+            for named in &sig.named {
+                let flag_desc = &named.desc;
+                if let Some(short) = named.short {
+                    let mut named = vec![0; short.len_utf8()];
+                    short.encode_utf8(&mut named);
+                    named.insert(0, b'-');
+
+                    matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
+                        suggestion: Suggestion {
+                            value: String::from_utf8_lossy(&named).to_string(),
+                            description: Some(flag_desc.to_string()),
+                            span: reedline::Span {
+                                start: span.start - offset,
+                                end: span.end - offset,
+                            },
+                            append_whitespace: true,
+                            ..Suggestion::default()
+                        },
+                        // TODO????
+                        kind: None,
+                    });
+                }
+
+                if named.long.is_empty() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                let mut named = named.long.as_bytes().to_vec();
+                named.insert(0, b'-');
+                named.insert(0, b'-');
+
+                matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
+                    suggestion: Suggestion {
+                        value: String::from_utf8_lossy(&named).to_string(),
+                        description: Some(flag_desc.to_string()),
+                        span: reedline::Span {
+                            start: span.start - offset,
+                            end: span.end - offset,
+                        },
+                        append_whitespace: true,
+                        ..Suggestion::default()
                    },
-                    append_whitespace: true,
-                    ..Suggestion::default()
-                },
-                kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Flag),
-            });
-        };
-
-        let decl = working_set.get_decl(self.decl_id);
-        let sig = decl.signature();
-        for named in &sig.named {
-            if let Some(short) = named.short {
-                let mut name = String::from("-");
-                name.push(short);
-                add_suggestion(name, named.desc.clone());
+                    // TODO????
+                    kind: None,
+                });
            }

-            if named.long.is_empty() {
-                continue;
-            }
-            add_suggestion(format!("--{}", named.long), named.desc.clone());
+            return matcher.results();
        }
-        matcher.results()
+
+        vec![]
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/mod.rs
@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-mod attribute_completions;
 mod base;
-mod cell_path_completions;
 mod command_completions;
 mod completer;
 mod completion_common;
@ -8,22 +6,18 @@ mod completion_options;
 mod custom_completions;
 mod directory_completions;
 mod dotnu_completions;
-mod exportable_completions;
 mod file_completions;
 mod flag_completions;
 mod operator_completions;
 mod variable_completions;

-pub use attribute_completions::{AttributableCompletion, AttributeCompletion};
 pub use base::{Completer, SemanticSuggestion, SuggestionKind};
-pub use cell_path_completions::CellPathCompletion;
 pub use command_completions::CommandCompletion;
 pub use completer::NuCompleter;
 pub use completion_options::{CompletionOptions, MatchAlgorithm};
 pub use custom_completions::CustomCompletion;
 pub use directory_completions::DirectoryCompletion;
 pub use dotnu_completions::DotNuCompletion;
-pub use exportable_completions::ExportableCompletion;
 pub use file_completions::{file_path_completion, FileCompletion};
 pub use flag_completions::FlagCompletion;
 pub use operator_completions::OperatorCompletion;
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/operator_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/operator_completions.rs
@ -2,276 +2,169 @@ use crate::completions::{
    completion_options::NuMatcher, Completer, CompletionOptions, SemanticSuggestion, SuggestionKind,
 };
 use nu_protocol::{
-    ast::{self, Comparison, Expr, Expression},
+    ast::{Expr, Expression},
    engine::{Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    Span, Type, Value, ENV_VARIABLE_ID,
+    Span, Type,
 };
 use reedline::Suggestion;
-use strum::{EnumMessage, IntoEnumIterator};
-
-use super::cell_path_completions::eval_cell_path;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct OperatorCompletion<'a> {
-    pub left_hand_side: &'a Expression,
+pub struct OperatorCompletion {
+    previous_expr: Expression,
 }

-struct OperatorItem {
-    pub symbols: String,
-    pub description: String,
-}
-
-fn operator_to_item<T: EnumMessage + AsRef<str>>(op: T) -> OperatorItem {
-    OperatorItem {
-        symbols: op.as_ref().into(),
-        description: op.get_message().unwrap_or_default().into(),
+impl OperatorCompletion {
+    pub fn new(previous_expr: Expression) -> Self {
+        OperatorCompletion { previous_expr }
    }
 }

-fn common_comparison_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    vec![
-        operator_to_item(Comparison::In),
-        operator_to_item(Comparison::NotIn),
-        operator_to_item(Comparison::Equal),
-        operator_to_item(Comparison::NotEqual),
-    ]
-}
-
-fn all_ops_for_immutable() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    ast::Comparison::iter()
-        .map(operator_to_item)
-        .chain(ast::Math::iter().map(operator_to_item))
-        .chain(ast::Boolean::iter().map(operator_to_item))
-        .chain(ast::Bits::iter().map(operator_to_item))
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn collection_comparison_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    let mut ops = common_comparison_ops();
-    ops.push(operator_to_item(Comparison::Has));
-    ops.push(operator_to_item(Comparison::NotHas));
-    ops
-}
-
-fn number_comparison_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    Comparison::iter()
-        .filter(|op| {
-            !matches!(
-                op,
-                Comparison::RegexMatch
-                    | Comparison::NotRegexMatch
-                    | Comparison::StartsWith
-                    | Comparison::EndsWith
-                    | Comparison::Has
-                    | Comparison::NotHas
-            )
-        })
-        .map(operator_to_item)
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn math_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    ast::Math::iter()
-        .filter(|op| !matches!(op, ast::Math::Concatenate | ast::Math::Pow))
-        .map(operator_to_item)
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn bit_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    ast::Bits::iter().map(operator_to_item).collect()
-}
-
-fn all_assignment_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    ast::Assignment::iter().map(operator_to_item).collect()
-}
-
-fn numeric_assignment_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    ast::Assignment::iter()
-        .filter(|op| !matches!(op, ast::Assignment::ConcatenateAssign))
-        .map(operator_to_item)
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn concat_assignment_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    vec![
-        operator_to_item(ast::Assignment::Assign),
-        operator_to_item(ast::Assignment::ConcatenateAssign),
-    ]
-}
-
-fn valid_int_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    let mut ops = valid_float_ops();
-    ops.extend(bit_ops());
-    ops
-}
-
-fn valid_float_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    let mut ops = valid_value_with_unit_ops();
-    ops.push(operator_to_item(ast::Math::Pow));
-    ops
-}
-
-fn valid_string_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    let mut ops: Vec<OperatorItem> = Comparison::iter().map(operator_to_item).collect();
-    ops.push(operator_to_item(ast::Math::Concatenate));
-    ops.push(OperatorItem {
-        symbols: "like".into(),
-        description: Comparison::RegexMatch
-            .get_message()
-            .unwrap_or_default()
-            .into(),
-    });
-    ops.push(OperatorItem {
-        symbols: "not-like".into(),
-        description: Comparison::NotRegexMatch
-            .get_message()
-            .unwrap_or_default()
-            .into(),
-    });
-    ops
-}
-
-fn valid_list_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    let mut ops = collection_comparison_ops();
-    ops.push(operator_to_item(ast::Math::Concatenate));
-    ops
-}
-
-fn valid_binary_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    let mut ops = number_comparison_ops();
-    ops.extend(bit_ops());
-    ops.push(operator_to_item(ast::Math::Concatenate));
-    ops
-}
-
-fn valid_bool_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    let mut ops: Vec<OperatorItem> = ast::Boolean::iter().map(operator_to_item).collect();
-    ops.extend(common_comparison_ops());
-    ops
-}
-
-fn valid_value_with_unit_ops() -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    let mut ops = number_comparison_ops();
-    ops.extend(math_ops());
-    ops
-}
-
-fn ops_by_value(value: &Value, mutable: bool) -> Vec<OperatorItem> {
-    let mut ops = match value {
-        Value::Int { .. } => valid_int_ops(),
-        Value::Float { .. } => valid_float_ops(),
-        Value::String { .. } => valid_string_ops(),
-        Value::Binary { .. } => valid_binary_ops(),
-        Value::Bool { .. } => valid_bool_ops(),
-        Value::Date { .. } => number_comparison_ops(),
-        Value::Filesize { .. } | Value::Duration { .. } => valid_value_with_unit_ops(),
-        Value::Range { .. } | Value::Record { .. } => collection_comparison_ops(),
-        Value::List { .. } => valid_list_ops(),
-        _ => all_ops_for_immutable(),
-    };
-    if mutable {
-        ops.extend(match value {
-            Value::Int { .. }
-            | Value::Float { .. }
-            | Value::Filesize { .. }
-            | Value::Duration { .. } => numeric_assignment_ops(),
-            Value::String { .. } | Value::Binary { .. } | Value::List { .. } => {
-                concat_assignment_ops()
-            }
-            Value::Bool { .. }
-            | Value::Date { .. }
-            | Value::Range { .. }
-            | Value::Record { .. } => vec![operator_to_item(ast::Assignment::Assign)],
-            _ => all_assignment_ops(),
-        })
-    }
-    ops
-}
-
-fn is_expression_mutable(expr: &Expr, working_set: &StateWorkingSet) -> bool {
-    let Expr::FullCellPath(path) = expr else {
-        return false;
-    };
-    let Expr::Var(id) = path.head.expr else {
-        return false;
-    };
-    if id == ENV_VARIABLE_ID {
-        return true;
-    }
-    let var = working_set.get_variable(id);
-    var.mutable
-}
-
-impl Completer for OperatorCompletion<'_> {
+impl Completer for OperatorCompletion {
    fn fetch(
        &mut self,
        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
+        _stack: &Stack,
+        _prefix: &[u8],
        span: Span,
        offset: usize,
+        _pos: usize,
        options: &CompletionOptions,
    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-        let mut needs_assignment_ops = true;
-        // Complete according expression type
-        // TODO: type inference on self.left_hand_side to get more accurate completions
-        let mut possible_operations: Vec<OperatorItem> = match &self.left_hand_side.ty {
-            Type::Int | Type::Number => valid_int_ops(),
-            Type::Float => valid_float_ops(),
-            Type::String => valid_string_ops(),
-            Type::Binary => valid_binary_ops(),
-            Type::Bool => valid_bool_ops(),
-            Type::Date => number_comparison_ops(),
-            Type::Filesize | Type::Duration => valid_value_with_unit_ops(),
-            Type::Record(_) | Type::Range => collection_comparison_ops(),
-            Type::List(_) | Type::Table(_) => valid_list_ops(),
-            // Unknown type, resort to evaluated values
-            Type::Any => match &self.left_hand_side.expr {
-                Expr::FullCellPath(path) => {
-                    // for `$ <tab>`
-                    if matches!(path.head.expr, Expr::Garbage) {
-                        return vec![];
-                    }
-                    let value =
-                        eval_cell_path(working_set, stack, &path.head, &path.tail, path.head.span)
-                            .unwrap_or_default();
-                    let mutable = is_expression_mutable(&self.left_hand_side.expr, working_set);
-                    // to avoid duplication
-                    needs_assignment_ops = false;
-                    ops_by_value(&value, mutable)
-                }
-                _ => all_ops_for_immutable(),
-            },
-            _ => common_comparison_ops(),
+        //Check if int, float, or string
+        let partial = std::str::from_utf8(working_set.get_span_contents(span)).unwrap_or("");
+        let op = match &self.previous_expr.expr {
+            Expr::BinaryOp(x, _, _) => &x.expr,
+            _ => {
+                return vec![];
+            }
+        };
+        let possible_operations = match op {
+            Expr::Int(_) => vec![
+                ("+", "Add (Plus)"),
+                ("-", "Subtract (Minus)"),
+                ("*", "Multiply"),
+                ("/", "Divide"),
+                ("==", "Equal to"),
+                ("!=", "Not equal to"),
+                ("//", "Floor division"),
+                ("<", "Less than"),
+                (">", "Greater than"),
+                ("<=", "Less than or equal to"),
+                (">=", "Greater than or equal to"),
+                ("mod", "Floor division remainder (Modulo)"),
+                ("**", "Power of"),
+                ("bit-or", "Bitwise OR"),
+                ("bit-xor", "Bitwise exclusive OR"),
+                ("bit-and", "Bitwise AND"),
+                ("bit-shl", "Bitwise shift left"),
+                ("bit-shr", "Bitwise shift right"),
+                ("in", "Is a member of (doesn't use regex)"),
+                ("not-in", "Is not a member of (doesn't use regex)"),
+            ],
+            Expr::String(_) => vec![
+                ("=~", "Contains regex match"),
+                ("like", "Contains regex match"),
+                ("!~", "Does not contain regex match"),
+                ("not-like", "Does not contain regex match"),
+                (
+                    "++",
+                    "Concatenates two lists, two strings, or two binary values",
+                ),
+                ("in", "Is a member of (doesn't use regex)"),
+                ("not-in", "Is not a member of (doesn't use regex)"),
+                ("starts-with", "Starts with"),
+                ("ends-with", "Ends with"),
+            ],
+            Expr::Float(_) => vec![
+                ("+", "Add (Plus)"),
+                ("-", "Subtract (Minus)"),
+                ("*", "Multiply"),
+                ("/", "Divide"),
+                ("==", "Equal to"),
+                ("!=", "Not equal to"),
+                ("//", "Floor division"),
+                ("<", "Less than"),
+                (">", "Greater than"),
+                ("<=", "Less than or equal to"),
+                (">=", "Greater than or equal to"),
+                ("mod", "Floor division remainder (Modulo)"),
+                ("**", "Power of"),
+                ("in", "Is a member of (doesn't use regex)"),
+                ("not-in", "Is not a member of (doesn't use regex)"),
+            ],
+            Expr::Bool(_) => vec![
+                (
+                    "and",
+                    "Both values are true (short-circuits when first value is false)",
+                ),
+                (
+                    "or",
+                    "Either value is true (short-circuits when first value is true)",
+                ),
+                ("xor", "One value is true and the other is false"),
+                ("not", "Negates a value or expression"),
+                ("in", "Is a member of (doesn't use regex)"),
+                ("not-in", "Is not a member of (doesn't use regex)"),
+            ],
+            Expr::FullCellPath(path) => match path.head.expr {
+                Expr::List(_) => vec![
+                    (
+                        "++",
+                        "Concatenates two lists, two strings, or two binary values",
+                    ),
+                    ("has", "Contains a value of (doesn't use regex)"),
+                    ("not-has", "Does not contain a value of (doesn't use regex)"),
+                ],
+                Expr::Var(id) => get_variable_completions(id, working_set),
+                _ => vec![],
+            },
+            _ => vec![],
        };
-        // If the left hand side is a variable, add assignment operators if mutable
-        if needs_assignment_ops && is_expression_mutable(&self.left_hand_side.expr, working_set) {
-            possible_operations.extend(match &self.left_hand_side.ty {
-                Type::Int | Type::Float | Type::Number => numeric_assignment_ops(),
-                Type::Filesize | Type::Duration => numeric_assignment_ops(),
-                Type::String | Type::Binary | Type::List(_) => concat_assignment_ops(),
-                Type::Any => all_assignment_ops(),
-                _ => vec![operator_to_item(ast::Assignment::Assign)],
-            });
-        }

-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix, options);
-        for OperatorItem {
-            symbols,
-            description,
-        } in possible_operations
-        {
+        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(partial, options.clone());
+        for (symbol, desc) in possible_operations.into_iter() {
            matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
                suggestion: Suggestion {
-                    value: symbols.to_owned(),
-                    description: Some(description.to_owned()),
+                    value: symbol.to_string(),
+                    description: Some(desc.to_string()),
                    span: reedline::Span::new(span.start - offset, span.end - offset),
                    append_whitespace: true,
                    ..Suggestion::default()
                },
-                kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Operator),
+                kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Command(
+                    nu_protocol::engine::CommandType::Builtin,
+                )),
            });
        }
        matcher.results()
    }
 }
+
+pub fn get_variable_completions<'a>(
+    id: nu_protocol::Id<nu_protocol::marker::Var>,
+    working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
+) -> Vec<(&'a str, &'a str)> {
+    let var = working_set.get_variable(id);
+    if !var.mutable {
+        return vec![];
+    }
+
+    match var.ty {
+        Type::List(_) | Type::String | Type::Binary => vec![
+            (
+                "++=",
+                "Concatenates two lists, two strings, or two binary values",
+            ),
+            ("=", "Assigns a value to a variable."),
+        ],
+
+        Type::Int | Type::Float => vec![
+            ("=", "Assigns a value to a variable."),
+            ("+=", "Adds a value to a variable."),
+            ("-=", "Subtracts a value from a variable."),
+            ("*=", "Multiplies a variable by a value"),
+            ("/=", "Divides a variable by a value."),
+        ],
+        _ => vec![],
+    }
+}
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/variable_completions.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/completions/variable_completions.rs
@ -1,67 +1,157 @@
 use crate::completions::{Completer, CompletionOptions, SemanticSuggestion, SuggestionKind};
+use nu_engine::{column::get_columns, eval_variable};
 use nu_protocol::{
    engine::{Stack, StateWorkingSet},
-    Span, VarId,
+    Span, Value,
 };
 use reedline::Suggestion;
+use std::str;

 use super::completion_options::NuMatcher;

-pub struct VariableCompletion;
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct VariableCompletion {
+    var_context: (Vec<u8>, Vec<Vec<u8>>), // tuple with $var and the sublevels (.b.c.d)
+}
+
+impl VariableCompletion {
+    pub fn new(var_context: (Vec<u8>, Vec<Vec<u8>>)) -> Self {
+        Self { var_context }
+    }
+}

 impl Completer for VariableCompletion {
    fn fetch(
        &mut self,
        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        _stack: &Stack,
-        prefix: impl AsRef<str>,
+        stack: &Stack,
+        prefix: &[u8],
        span: Span,
        offset: usize,
+        _pos: usize,
        options: &CompletionOptions,
    ) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
-        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix, options);
+        let builtins = ["$nu", "$in", "$env"];
+        let var_str = std::str::from_utf8(&self.var_context.0).unwrap_or("");
+        let var_id = working_set.find_variable(&self.var_context.0);
        let current_span = reedline::Span {
            start: span.start - offset,
            end: span.end - offset,
        };
+        let sublevels_count = self.var_context.1.len();
+        let prefix_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(prefix);
+        let mut matcher = NuMatcher::new(prefix_str, options.clone());
+
+        // Completions for the given variable
+        if !var_str.is_empty() {
+            // Completion for $env.<tab>
+            if var_str == "$env" {
+                let env_vars = stack.get_env_vars(working_set.permanent_state);
+
+                // Return nested values
+                if sublevels_count > 0 {
+                    // Extract the target var ($env.<target-var>)
+                    let target_var = self.var_context.1[0].clone();
+                    let target_var_str =
+                        str::from_utf8(&target_var).unwrap_or_default().to_string();
+
+                    // Everything after the target var is the nested level ($env.<target-var>.<nested_levels>...)
+                    let nested_levels: Vec<Vec<u8>> =
+                        self.var_context.1.clone().into_iter().skip(1).collect();
+
+                    if let Some(val) = env_vars.get(&target_var_str) {
+                        for suggestion in nested_suggestions(val, &nested_levels, current_span) {
+                            matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(suggestion);
+                        }
+
+                        return matcher.results();
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // No nesting provided, return all env vars
+                    for env_var in env_vars {
+                        matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
+                            suggestion: Suggestion {
+                                value: env_var.0,
+                                span: current_span,
+                                ..Suggestion::default()
+                            },
+                            kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Type(env_var.1.get_type())),
+                        });
+                    }
+
+                    return matcher.results();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Completions for $nu.<tab>
+            if var_str == "$nu" {
+                // Eval nu var
+                if let Ok(nuval) = eval_variable(
+                    working_set.permanent_state,
+                    stack,
+                    nu_protocol::NU_VARIABLE_ID,
+                    nu_protocol::Span::new(current_span.start, current_span.end),
+                ) {
+                    for suggestion in nested_suggestions(&nuval, &self.var_context.1, current_span)
+                    {
+                        matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(suggestion);
+                    }
+
+                    return matcher.results();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Completion other variable types
+            if let Some(var_id) = var_id {
+                // Extract the variable value from the stack
+                let var = stack.get_var(var_id, Span::new(span.start, span.end));
+
+                // If the value exists and it's of type Record
+                if let Ok(value) = var {
+                    for suggestion in nested_suggestions(&value, &self.var_context.1, current_span)
+                    {
+                        matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(suggestion);
+                    }
+
+                    return matcher.results();
+                }
+            }
+        }

        // Variable completion (e.g: $en<tab> to complete $env)
-        let builtins = ["$nu", "$in", "$env"];
        for builtin in builtins {
            matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
                suggestion: Suggestion {
                    value: builtin.to_string(),
                    span: current_span,
-                    description: Some("reserved".into()),
                    ..Suggestion::default()
                },
-                kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Variable),
+                // TODO is there a way to get the VarId to get the type???
+                kind: None,
            });
        }

-        let mut add_candidate = |name, var_id: &VarId| {
-            matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
-                suggestion: Suggestion {
-                    value: String::from_utf8_lossy(name).to_string(),
-                    span: current_span,
-                    description: Some(working_set.get_variable(*var_id).ty.to_string()),
-                    ..Suggestion::default()
-                },
-                kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Variable),
-            })
-        };
-
        // TODO: The following can be refactored (see find_commands_by_predicate() used in
        // command_completions).
        let mut removed_overlays = vec![];
        // Working set scope vars
        for scope_frame in working_set.delta.scope.iter().rev() {
            for overlay_frame in scope_frame.active_overlays(&mut removed_overlays).rev() {
-                for (name, var_id) in &overlay_frame.vars {
-                    add_candidate(name, var_id);
+                for v in &overlay_frame.vars {
+                    matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
+                        suggestion: Suggestion {
+                            value: String::from_utf8_lossy(v.0).to_string(),
+                            span: current_span,
+                            ..Suggestion::default()
+                        },
+                        kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Type(
+                            working_set.get_variable(*v.1).ty.clone(),
+                        )),
+                    });
                }
            }
        }
+
        // Permanent state vars
        // for scope in &self.engine_state.scope {
        for overlay_frame in working_set
@ -69,11 +159,98 @@ impl Completer for VariableCompletion {
            .active_overlays(&removed_overlays)
            .rev()
        {
-            for (name, var_id) in &overlay_frame.vars {
-                add_candidate(name, var_id);
+            for v in &overlay_frame.vars {
+                matcher.add_semantic_suggestion(SemanticSuggestion {
+                    suggestion: Suggestion {
+                        value: String::from_utf8_lossy(v.0).to_string(),
+                        span: current_span,
+                        ..Suggestion::default()
+                    },
+                    kind: Some(SuggestionKind::Type(
+                        working_set.get_variable(*v.1).ty.clone(),
+                    )),
+                });
            }
        }

        matcher.results()
    }
 }
+
+// Find recursively the values for sublevels
+// if no sublevels are set it returns the current value
+fn nested_suggestions(
+    val: &Value,
+    sublevels: &[Vec<u8>],
+    current_span: reedline::Span,
+) -> Vec<SemanticSuggestion> {
+    let mut output: Vec<SemanticSuggestion> = vec![];
+    let value = recursive_value(val, sublevels).unwrap_or_else(Value::nothing);
+
+    let kind = SuggestionKind::Type(value.get_type());
+    match value {
+        Value::Record { val, .. } => {
+            // Add all the columns as completion
+            for col in val.columns() {
+                output.push(SemanticSuggestion {
+                    suggestion: Suggestion {
+                        value: col.clone(),
+                        span: current_span,
+                        ..Suggestion::default()
+                    },
+                    kind: Some(kind.clone()),
+                });
+            }
+
+            output
+        }
+        Value::List { vals, .. } => {
+            for column_name in get_columns(vals.as_slice()) {
+                output.push(SemanticSuggestion {
+                    suggestion: Suggestion {
+                        value: column_name,
+                        span: current_span,
+                        ..Suggestion::default()
+                    },
+                    kind: Some(kind.clone()),
+                });
+            }
+
+            output
+        }
+        _ => output,
+    }
+}
+
+// Extracts the recursive value (e.g: $var.a.b.c)
+fn recursive_value(val: &Value, sublevels: &[Vec<u8>]) -> Result<Value, Span> {
+    // Go to next sublevel
+    if let Some((sublevel, next_sublevels)) = sublevels.split_first() {
+        let span = val.span();
+        match val {
+            Value::Record { val, .. } => {
+                if let Some((_, value)) = val.iter().find(|(key, _)| key.as_bytes() == sublevel) {
+                    // If matches try to fetch recursively the next
+                    recursive_value(value, next_sublevels)
+                } else {
+                    // Current sublevel value not found
+                    Err(span)
+                }
+            }
+            Value::List { vals, .. } => {
+                for col in get_columns(vals.as_slice()) {
+                    if col.as_bytes() == *sublevel {
+                        let val = val.get_data_by_key(&col).ok_or(span)?;
+                        return recursive_value(&val, next_sublevels);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Current sublevel value not found
+                Err(span)
+            }
+            _ => Ok(val.clone()),
+        }
+    } else {
+        Ok(val.clone())
+    }
+}
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/eval_file.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/eval_file.rs
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use nu_protocol::{
    debugger::WithoutDebug,
    engine::{EngineState, Stack, StateWorkingSet},
    report_parse_error, report_parse_warning,
-    shell_error::io::*,
+    shell_error::io::IoError,
    PipelineData, ShellError, Span, Value,
 };
 use std::{path::PathBuf, sync::Arc};
@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ pub fn evaluate_file(
    let cwd = engine_state.cwd_as_string(Some(stack))?;

    let file_path = canonicalize_with(&path, cwd).map_err(|err| {
-        IoError::new_internal_with_path(
-            err.kind().not_found_as(NotFound::File),
-            "Could not access file",
-            nu_protocol::location!(),
+        IoError::new_with_additional_context(
+            err.kind(),
+            Span::unknown(),
            PathBuf::from(&path),
+            "Could not access file",
        )
    })?;

@ -46,21 +46,21 @@ pub fn evaluate_file(
        })?;

    let file = std::fs::read(&file_path).map_err(|err| {
-        IoError::new_internal_with_path(
-            err.kind().not_found_as(NotFound::File),
-            "Could not read file",
-            nu_protocol::location!(),
+        IoError::new_with_additional_context(
+            err.kind(),
+            Span::unknown(),
            file_path.clone(),
+            "Could not read file",
        )
    })?;
    engine_state.file = Some(file_path.clone());

    let parent = file_path.parent().ok_or_else(|| {
-        IoError::new_internal_with_path(
-            ErrorKind::DirectoryNotFound,
-            "The file path does not have a parent",
-            nu_protocol::location!(),
+        IoError::new_with_additional_context(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
+            Span::unknown(),
            file_path.clone(),
+            "The file path does not have a parent",
        )
    })?;

--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/reedline_config.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/reedline_config.rs
@ -740,15 +740,9 @@ fn add_keybinding(
    let span = mode.span();
    match &mode {
        Value::String { val, .. } => match val.as_str() {
-            str if str.eq_ignore_ascii_case("emacs") => {
-                add_parsed_keybinding(emacs_keybindings, keybinding, config)
-            }
-            str if str.eq_ignore_ascii_case("vi_insert") => {
-                add_parsed_keybinding(insert_keybindings, keybinding, config)
-            }
-            str if str.eq_ignore_ascii_case("vi_normal") => {
-                add_parsed_keybinding(normal_keybindings, keybinding, config)
-            }
+            "emacs" => add_parsed_keybinding(emacs_keybindings, keybinding, config),
+            "vi_insert" => add_parsed_keybinding(insert_keybindings, keybinding, config),
+            "vi_normal" => add_parsed_keybinding(normal_keybindings, keybinding, config),
            str => Err(ShellError::InvalidValue {
                valid: "'emacs', 'vi_insert', or 'vi_normal'".into(),
                actual: format!("'{str}'"),
@ -998,54 +992,41 @@ fn event_from_record(
 ) -> Result<ReedlineEvent, ShellError> {
    let event = match name {
        "none" => ReedlineEvent::None,
+        "clearscreen" => ReedlineEvent::ClearScreen,
+        "clearscrollback" => ReedlineEvent::ClearScrollback,
        "historyhintcomplete" => ReedlineEvent::HistoryHintComplete,
        "historyhintwordcomplete" => ReedlineEvent::HistoryHintWordComplete,
        "ctrld" => ReedlineEvent::CtrlD,
        "ctrlc" => ReedlineEvent::CtrlC,
-        "clearscreen" => ReedlineEvent::ClearScreen,
-        "clearscrollback" => ReedlineEvent::ClearScrollback,
        "enter" => ReedlineEvent::Enter,
        "submit" => ReedlineEvent::Submit,
        "submitornewline" => ReedlineEvent::SubmitOrNewline,
        "esc" | "escape" => ReedlineEvent::Esc,
-        // Non-sensical for user configuration:
-        //
-        // `ReedlineEvent::Mouse` - itself a no-op
-        // `ReedlineEvent::Resize` - requires size info specifically from the ANSI resize
-        // event
-        //
-        // Handled above in `parse_event`:
-        //
-        // `ReedlineEvent::Edit`
-        "repaint" => ReedlineEvent::Repaint,
-        "previoushistory" => ReedlineEvent::PreviousHistory,
        "up" => ReedlineEvent::Up,
        "down" => ReedlineEvent::Down,
        "right" => ReedlineEvent::Right,
        "left" => ReedlineEvent::Left,
-        "nexthistory" => ReedlineEvent::NextHistory,
        "searchhistory" => ReedlineEvent::SearchHistory,
-        // Handled above in `parse_event`:
-        //
-        // `ReedlineEvent::Multiple`
-        // `ReedlineEvent::UntilFound`
+        "nexthistory" => ReedlineEvent::NextHistory,
+        "previoushistory" => ReedlineEvent::PreviousHistory,
+        "repaint" => ReedlineEvent::Repaint,
+        "menudown" => ReedlineEvent::MenuDown,
+        "menuup" => ReedlineEvent::MenuUp,
+        "menuleft" => ReedlineEvent::MenuLeft,
+        "menuright" => ReedlineEvent::MenuRight,
+        "menunext" => ReedlineEvent::MenuNext,
+        "menuprevious" => ReedlineEvent::MenuPrevious,
+        "menupagenext" => ReedlineEvent::MenuPageNext,
+        "menupageprevious" => ReedlineEvent::MenuPagePrevious,
+        "openeditor" => ReedlineEvent::OpenEditor,
        "menu" => {
            let menu = extract_value("name", record, span)?;
            ReedlineEvent::Menu(menu.to_expanded_string("", config))
        }
-        "menunext" => ReedlineEvent::MenuNext,
-        "menuprevious" => ReedlineEvent::MenuPrevious,
-        "menuup" => ReedlineEvent::MenuUp,
-        "menudown" => ReedlineEvent::MenuDown,
-        "menuleft" => ReedlineEvent::MenuLeft,
-        "menuright" => ReedlineEvent::MenuRight,
-        "menupagenext" => ReedlineEvent::MenuPageNext,
-        "menupageprevious" => ReedlineEvent::MenuPagePrevious,
        "executehostcommand" => {
            let cmd = extract_value("cmd", record, span)?;
            ReedlineEvent::ExecuteHostCommand(cmd.to_expanded_string("", config))
        }
-        "openeditor" => ReedlineEvent::OpenEditor,
        str => {
            return Err(ShellError::InvalidValue {
                valid: "a reedline event".into(),
@ -1075,6 +1056,7 @@ fn edit_from_record(
                .and_then(|value| value.as_bool())
                .unwrap_or(false),
        },
+
        "movetoend" => EditCommand::MoveToEnd {
            select: extract_value("select", record, span)
                .and_then(|value| value.as_bool())
@ -1110,16 +1092,6 @@ fn edit_from_record(
                .and_then(|value| value.as_bool())
                .unwrap_or(false),
        },
-        "movewordrightstart" => EditCommand::MoveWordRightStart {
-            select: extract_value("select", record, span)
-                .and_then(|value| value.as_bool())
-                .unwrap_or(false),
-        },
-        "movebigwordrightstart" => EditCommand::MoveBigWordRightStart {
-            select: extract_value("select", record, span)
-                .and_then(|value| value.as_bool())
-                .unwrap_or(false),
-        },
        "movewordrightend" => EditCommand::MoveWordRightEnd {
            select: extract_value("select", record, span)
                .and_then(|value| value.as_bool())
@ -1130,6 +1102,16 @@ fn edit_from_record(
                .and_then(|value| value.as_bool())
                .unwrap_or(false),
        },
+        "movewordrightstart" => EditCommand::MoveWordRightStart {
+            select: extract_value("select", record, span)
+                .and_then(|value| value.as_bool())
+                .unwrap_or(false),
+        },
+        "movebigwordrightstart" => EditCommand::MoveBigWordRightStart {
+            select: extract_value("select", record, span)
+                .and_then(|value| value.as_bool())
+                .unwrap_or(false),
+        },
        "movetoposition" => {
            let value = extract_value("value", record, span)?;
            let select = extract_value("select", record, span)
@ -1151,13 +1133,6 @@ fn edit_from_record(
            EditCommand::InsertString(value.to_expanded_string("", config))
        }
        "insertnewline" => EditCommand::InsertNewline,
-        "replacechar" => {
-            let value = extract_value("value", record, span)?;
-            let char = extract_char(value)?;
-            EditCommand::ReplaceChar(char)
-        }
-        // `EditCommand::ReplaceChars` - Internal hack not sanely implementable as a
-        // standalone binding
        "backspace" => EditCommand::Backspace,
        "delete" => EditCommand::Delete,
        "cutchar" => EditCommand::CutChar,
@ -1165,7 +1140,6 @@ fn edit_from_record(
        "deleteword" => EditCommand::DeleteWord,
        "clear" => EditCommand::Clear,
        "cleartolineend" => EditCommand::ClearToLineEnd,
-        "complete" => EditCommand::Complete,
        "cutcurrentline" => EditCommand::CutCurrentLine,
        "cutfromstart" => EditCommand::CutFromStart,
        "cutfromlinestart" => EditCommand::CutFromLineStart,
@ -1182,7 +1156,6 @@ fn edit_from_record(
        "uppercaseword" => EditCommand::UppercaseWord,
        "lowercaseword" => EditCommand::LowercaseWord,
        "capitalizechar" => EditCommand::CapitalizeChar,
-        "switchcasechar" => EditCommand::SwitchcaseChar,
        "swapwords" => EditCommand::SwapWords,
        "swapgraphemes" => EditCommand::SwapGraphemes,
        "undo" => EditCommand::Undo,
@ -1239,64 +1212,17 @@ fn edit_from_record(
                .unwrap_or(false);
            EditCommand::MoveLeftBefore { c: char, select }
        }
-        "selectall" => EditCommand::SelectAll,
+        "complete" => EditCommand::Complete,
        "cutselection" => EditCommand::CutSelection,
-        "copyselection" => EditCommand::CopySelection,
-        "paste" => EditCommand::Paste,
-        "copyfromstart" => EditCommand::CopyFromStart,
-        "copyfromlinestart" => EditCommand::CopyFromLineStart,
-        "copytoend" => EditCommand::CopyToEnd,
-        "copytolineend" => EditCommand::CopyToLineEnd,
-        "copycurrentline" => EditCommand::CopyCurrentLine,
-        "copywordleft" => EditCommand::CopyWordLeft,
-        "copybigwordleft" => EditCommand::CopyBigWordLeft,
-        "copywordright" => EditCommand::CopyWordRight,
-        "copybigwordright" => EditCommand::CopyBigWordRight,
-        "copywordrighttonext" => EditCommand::CopyWordRightToNext,
-        "copybigwordrighttonext" => EditCommand::CopyBigWordRightToNext,
-        "copyleft" => EditCommand::CopyLeft,
-        "copyright" => EditCommand::CopyRight,
-        "copyrightuntil" => {
-            let value = extract_value("value", record, span)?;
-            let char = extract_char(value)?;
-            EditCommand::CopyRightUntil(char)
-        }
-        "copyrightbefore" => {
-            let value = extract_value("value", record, span)?;
-            let char = extract_char(value)?;
-            EditCommand::CopyRightBefore(char)
-        }
-        "copyleftuntil" => {
-            let value = extract_value("value", record, span)?;
-            let char = extract_char(value)?;
-            EditCommand::CopyLeftUntil(char)
-        }
-        "copyleftbefore" => {
-            let value = extract_value("value", record, span)?;
-            let char = extract_char(value)?;
-            EditCommand::CopyLeftBefore(char)
-        }
-        "swapcursorandanchor" => EditCommand::SwapCursorAndAnchor,
        #[cfg(feature = "system-clipboard")]
        "cutselectionsystem" => EditCommand::CutSelectionSystem,
+        "copyselection" => EditCommand::CopySelection,
        #[cfg(feature = "system-clipboard")]
        "copyselectionsystem" => EditCommand::CopySelectionSystem,
+        "paste" => EditCommand::Paste,
        #[cfg(feature = "system-clipboard")]
        "pastesystem" => EditCommand::PasteSystem,
-        "cutinside" => {
-            let value = extract_value("left", record, span)?;
-            let left = extract_char(value)?;
-            let value = extract_value("right", record, span)?;
-            let right = extract_char(value)?;
-            EditCommand::CutInside { left, right }
-        }
-        "yankinside" => {
-            let value = extract_value("left", record, span)?;
-            let left = extract_char(value)?;
-            let value = extract_value("right", record, span)?;
-            let right = extract_char(value)?;
-            EditCommand::YankInside { left, right }
-        }
+        "selectall" => EditCommand::SelectAll,
        str => {
            return Err(ShellError::InvalidValue {
                valid: "a reedline EditCommand".into(),
--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/repl.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/repl.rs
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use nu_cmd_base::util::get_editor;
 use nu_color_config::StyleComputer;
 #[allow(deprecated)]
 use nu_engine::env_to_strings;
-use nu_engine::exit::cleanup_exit;
 use nu_parser::{lex, parse, trim_quotes_str};
 use nu_protocol::shell_error::io::IoError;
 use nu_protocol::{
@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ use reedline::{
    CursorConfig, CwdAwareHinter, DefaultCompleter, EditCommand, Emacs, FileBackedHistory,
    HistorySessionId, Reedline, SqliteBackedHistory, Vi,
 };
-use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
    env::temp_dir,
@ -694,11 +692,7 @@ fn loop_iteration(ctx: LoopContext) -> (bool, Stack, Reedline) {
            );

            println!();
-
-            cleanup_exit((), engine_state, 0);
-
-            // if cleanup_exit didn't exit, we should keep running
-            return (true, stack, line_editor);
+            return (false, stack, line_editor);
        }
        Err(err) => {
            let message = err.to_string();
@ -864,7 +858,7 @@ fn do_auto_cd(
        path.to_string_lossy().to_string()
    };

-    if let PermissionResult::PermissionDenied = have_permission(path.clone()) {
+    if let PermissionResult::PermissionDenied(_) = have_permission(path.clone()) {
        report_shell_error(
            engine_state,
            &ShellError::Io(IoError::new_with_additional_context(
@ -936,9 +930,6 @@ fn do_run_cmd(
    trace!("eval source: {}", s);

    let mut cmds = s.split_whitespace();
-
-    let had_warning_before = engine_state.exit_warning_given.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
-
    if let Some("exit") = cmds.next() {
        let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
        let _ = parse(&mut working_set, None, s.as_bytes(), false);
@ -947,11 +938,13 @@ fn do_run_cmd(
            match cmds.next() {
                Some(s) => {
                    if let Ok(n) = s.parse::<i32>() {
-                        return cleanup_exit(line_editor, engine_state, n);
+                        drop(line_editor);
+                        std::process::exit(n);
                    }
                }
                None => {
-                    return cleanup_exit(line_editor, engine_state, 0);
+                    drop(line_editor);
+                    std::process::exit(0);
                }
            }
        }
@ -970,14 +963,6 @@ fn do_run_cmd(
        false,
    );

-    // if there was a warning before, and we got to this point, it means
-    // the possible call to cleanup_exit did not occur.
-    if had_warning_before && engine_state.is_interactive {
-        engine_state
-            .exit_warning_given
-            .store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
-    }
-
    line_editor
 }

--- a/crates/nu-cli/src/syntax_highlight.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/src/syntax_highlight.rs
@ -309,7 +309,6 @@ fn find_matching_block_end_in_expr(
            .unwrap_or(expression.span.start);

        return match &expression.expr {
-            // TODO: Can't these be handled with an `_ => None` branch? Refactor
            Expr::Bool(_) => None,
            Expr::Int(_) => None,
            Expr::Float(_) => None,
@ -336,28 +335,6 @@ fn find_matching_block_end_in_expr(
            Expr::Nothing => None,
            Expr::Garbage => None,

-            Expr::AttributeBlock(ab) => ab
-                .attributes
-                .iter()
-                .find_map(|attr| {
-                    find_matching_block_end_in_expr(
-                        line,
-                        working_set,
-                        &attr.expr,
-                        global_span_offset,
-                        global_cursor_offset,
-                    )
-                })
-                .or_else(|| {
-                    find_matching_block_end_in_expr(
-                        line,
-                        working_set,
-                        &ab.item,
-                        global_span_offset,
-                        global_cursor_offset,
-                    )
-                }),
-
            Expr::Table(table) => {
                if expr_last == global_cursor_offset {
                    // cursor is at table end
--- a/crates/nu-cli/tests/completions/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/tests/completions/mod.rs
--- a/crates/nu-cli/tests/completions/support/completions_helpers.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/tests/completions/support/completions_helpers.rs
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ fn create_default_context() -> EngineState {
    nu_command::add_shell_command_context(nu_cmd_lang::create_default_context())
 }

-/// creates a new engine with the current path into the completions fixtures folder
+// creates a new engine with the current path into the completions fixtures folder
 pub fn new_engine() -> (AbsolutePathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
    // Target folder inside assets
    let dir = fs::fixtures().join("completions");
@ -69,26 +69,7 @@ pub fn new_engine() -> (AbsolutePathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
    (dir, dir_str, engine_state, stack)
 }

-/// Adds pseudo PATH env for external completion tests
-pub fn new_external_engine() -> EngineState {
-    let mut engine = create_default_context();
-    let dir = fs::fixtures().join("external_completions").join("path");
-    let dir_str = dir.to_string_lossy().to_string();
-    let internal_span = nu_protocol::Span::new(0, dir_str.len());
-    engine.add_env_var(
-        "PATH".to_string(),
-        Value::List {
-            vals: vec![Value::String {
-                val: dir_str,
-                internal_span,
-            }],
-            internal_span,
-        },
-    );
-    engine
-}
-
-/// creates a new engine with the current path into the completions fixtures folder
+// creates a new engine with the current path into the completions fixtures folder
 pub fn new_dotnu_engine() -> (AbsolutePathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
    // Target folder inside assets
    let dir = fs::fixtures().join("dotnu_completions");
@ -105,23 +86,6 @@ pub fn new_dotnu_engine() -> (AbsolutePathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
    // Add $nu
    engine_state.generate_nu_constant();

-    // const $NU_LIB_DIRS
-    let mut working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(&engine_state);
-    let var_id = working_set.add_variable(
-        b"$NU_LIB_DIRS".into(),
-        Span::unknown(),
-        nu_protocol::Type::List(Box::new(nu_protocol::Type::String)),
-        false,
-    );
-    working_set.set_variable_const_val(
-        var_id,
-        Value::test_list(vec![
-            Value::string(file(dir.join("lib-dir1")), dir_span),
-            Value::string(file(dir.join("lib-dir3")), dir_span),
-        ]),
-    );
-    let _ = engine_state.merge_delta(working_set.render());
-
    // New stack
    let mut stack = Stack::new();

@ -131,12 +95,17 @@ pub fn new_dotnu_engine() -> (AbsolutePathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
        "TEST".to_string(),
        Value::string("NUSHELL".to_string(), dir_span),
    );
+
    stack.add_env_var(
-        "NU_LIB_DIRS".into(),
-        Value::test_list(vec![
-            Value::string(file(dir.join("lib-dir2")), dir_span),
-            Value::string(file(dir.join("lib-dir3")), dir_span),
-        ]),
+        "NU_LIB_DIRS".to_string(),
+        Value::list(
+            vec![
+                Value::string(file(dir.join("lib-dir1")), dir_span),
+                Value::string(file(dir.join("lib-dir2")), dir_span),
+                Value::string(file(dir.join("lib-dir3")), dir_span),
+            ],
+            dir_span,
+        ),
    );

    // Merge environment into the permanent state
@ -216,8 +185,8 @@ pub fn new_partial_engine() -> (AbsolutePathBuf, String, EngineState, Stack) {
    (dir, dir_str, engine_state, stack)
 }

-/// match a list of suggestions with the expected values
-pub fn match_suggestions(expected: &Vec<&str>, suggestions: &Vec<Suggestion>) {
+// match a list of suggestions with the expected values
+pub fn match_suggestions(expected: &Vec<String>, suggestions: &Vec<Suggestion>) {
    let expected_len = expected.len();
    let suggestions_len = suggestions.len();
    if expected_len != suggestions_len {
@ -228,34 +197,28 @@ pub fn match_suggestions(expected: &Vec<&str>, suggestions: &Vec<Suggestion>) {
        )
    }

-    let suggestions_str = suggestions
+    let suggestoins_str = suggestions
        .iter()
-        .map(|it| it.value.as_str())
+        .map(|it| it.value.clone())
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();

-    assert_eq!(expected, &suggestions_str);
+    assert_eq!(expected, &suggestoins_str);
 }

-/// match a list of suggestions with the expected values
-pub fn match_suggestions_by_string(expected: &[String], suggestions: &Vec<Suggestion>) {
-    let expected = expected.iter().map(|it| it.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-    match_suggestions(&expected, suggestions);
-}
-
-/// append the separator to the converted path
+// append the separator to the converted path
 pub fn folder(path: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> String {
    let mut converted_path = file(path);
    converted_path.push(MAIN_SEPARATOR);
    converted_path
 }

-/// convert a given path to string
+// convert a given path to string
 pub fn file(path: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> String {
    path.into().into_os_string().into_string().unwrap()
 }

-/// merge_input executes the given input into the engine
-/// and merges the state
+// merge_input executes the given input into the engine
+// and merges the state
 pub fn merge_input(
    input: &[u8],
    engine_state: &mut EngineState,
--- a/crates/nu-cli/tests/completions/support/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cli/tests/completions/support/mod.rs
@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 pub mod completions_helpers;

-pub use completions_helpers::{
-    file, folder, match_suggestions, match_suggestions_by_string, merge_input, new_engine,
-};
+pub use completions_helpers::{file, folder, match_suggestions, merge_input, new_engine};
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-base/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-base/Cargo.toml
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-cmd-base"
 repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell/tree/main/crates/nu-cmd-base"
-version = "0.104.1"
+version = "0.102.0"

 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ version = "0.104.1"
 workspace = true

 [dependencies]
-nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.104.1", default-features = false }
-nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.104.1", default-features = false }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.102.0", default-features = false }
+nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-path = { path = "../nu-path", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.102.0", default-features = false }

 indexmap = { workspace = true }
 miette = { workspace = true }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/Cargo.toml
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-cmd-extra"
 repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell/tree/main/crates/nu-cmd-extra"
-version = "0.104.1"
+version = "0.102.0"

 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ bench = false
 workspace = true

 [dependencies]
-nu-cmd-base = { path = "../nu-cmd-base", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.104.1", default-features = false }
-nu-json = { version = "0.104.1", path = "../nu-json" }
-nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-pretty-hex = { version = "0.104.1", path = "../nu-pretty-hex" }
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.104.1", default-features = false }
-nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.104.1", default-features = false }
+nu-cmd-base = { path = "../nu-cmd-base", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.102.0", default-features = false }
+nu-json = { version = "0.102.0", path = "../nu-json" }
+nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-pretty-hex = { version = "0.102.0", path = "../nu-pretty-hex" }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.102.0", default-features = false }
+nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.102.0", default-features = false }

 # Potential dependencies for extras
 heck = { workspace = true }
@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ itertools = { workspace = true }
 mime = { workspace = true }

 [dev-dependencies]
-nu-cmd-lang = { path = "../nu-cmd-lang", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-command = { path = "../nu-command", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-test-support = { path = "../nu-test-support", version = "0.104.1" }
+nu-cmd-lang = { path = "../nu-cmd-lang", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-command = { path = "../nu-command", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-test-support = { path = "../nu-test-support", version = "0.102.0" }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/and.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/and.rs
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl Command for BitsAnd {
            .required(
                "target",
                SyntaxShape::OneOf(vec![SyntaxShape::Binary, SyntaxShape::Int]),
-                "Right-hand side of the operation.",
+                "right-hand side of the operation",
            )
            .named(
                "endian",
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/into.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/into.rs
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;
+
+use nu_protocol::{report_parse_warning, ParseWarning};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BitsInto;
+
+impl Command for BitsInto {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "into bits"
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
+        Signature::build("into bits")
+            .input_output_types(vec![
+                (Type::Binary, Type::String),
+                (Type::Int, Type::String),
+                (Type::Filesize, Type::String),
+                (Type::Duration, Type::String),
+                (Type::String, Type::String),
+                (Type::Bool, Type::String),
+                (Type::table(), Type::table()),
+                (Type::record(), Type::record()),
+            ])
+            .allow_variants_without_examples(true) // TODO: supply exhaustive examples
+            .rest(
+                "rest",
+                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
+                "for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
+            )
+            .category(Category::Deprecated)
+    }
+
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        "Convert value to a binary string."
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec![]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        report_parse_warning(
+            &StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state),
+            &ParseWarning::DeprecatedWarning {
+                old_command: "into bits".into(),
+                new_suggestion: "use `format bits`".into(),
+                span: head,
+                url: "`help format bits`".into(),
+            },
+        );
+        crate::extra::strings::format::format_bits(engine_state, stack, call, input)
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![
+            Example {
+                description: "convert a binary value into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
+                example: "0x[1] | into bits",
+                result: Some(Value::string("00000001",
+                    Span::test_data(),
+                )),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert an int into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
+                example: "1 | into bits",
+                result: Some(Value::string("00000001",
+                    Span::test_data(),
+                )),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert a filesize value into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
+                example: "1b | into bits",
+                result: Some(Value::string("00000001",
+                    Span::test_data(),
+                )),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert a duration value into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
+                example: "1ns | into bits",
+                result: Some(Value::string("00000001",
+                    Span::test_data(),
+                )),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert a boolean value into a string, padded to 8 places with 0s",
+                example: "true | into bits",
+                result: Some(Value::string("00000001",
+                    Span::test_data(),
+                )),
+            },
+            Example {
+                description: "convert a string into a raw binary string, padded with 0s to 8 places",
+                example: "'nushell.sh' | into bits",
+                result: Some(Value::string("01101110 01110101 01110011 01101000 01100101 01101100 01101100 00101110 01110011 01101000",
+                    Span::test_data(),
+                )),
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(BitsInto {})
+    }
+}
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/mod.rs
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 mod and;
 mod bits_;
+mod into;
 mod not;
 mod or;
 mod rotate_left;
@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ mod xor;

 pub use and::BitsAnd;
 pub use bits_::Bits;
+pub use into::BitsInto;
 pub use not::BitsNot;
 pub use or::BitsOr;
 pub use rotate_left::BitsRol;
@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ where
                (min, max) => (rhs, lhs, max, min),
            };

-            let pad = iter::repeat_n(0, max_len - min_len);
+            let pad = iter::repeat(0).take(max_len - min_len);

            let mut a;
            let mut b;
@ -159,10 +161,9 @@ where
        }
        (Value::Binary { .. }, Value::Int { .. }) | (Value::Int { .. }, Value::Binary { .. }) => {
            Value::error(
-                ShellError::OnlySupportsThisInputType {
+                ShellError::PipelineMismatch {
                    exp_input_type: "input, and argument, to be both int or both binary"
                        .to_string(),
-                    wrong_type: "int and binary".to_string(),
                    dst_span: rhs.span(),
                    src_span: span,
                },
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/or.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/or.rs
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ impl Command for BitsOr {
            .required(
                "target",
                SyntaxShape::OneOf(vec![SyntaxShape::Binary, SyntaxShape::Int]),
-                "Right-hand side of the operation.",
+                "right-hand side of the operation",
            )
            .named(
                "endian",
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/rotate_left.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/rotate_left.rs
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl Command for BitsRol {
                ),
            ])
            .allow_variants_without_examples(true)
-            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "Number of bits to rotate left.")
+            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to rotate left")
            .switch(
                "signed",
                "always treat input number as a signed number",
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/rotate_right.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/rotate_right.rs
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl Command for BitsRor {
                ),
            ])
            .allow_variants_without_examples(true)
-            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "Number of bits to rotate right.")
+            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to rotate right")
            .switch(
                "signed",
                "always treat input number as a signed number",
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/shift_left.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/shift_left.rs
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl Command for BitsShl {
                ),
            ])
            .allow_variants_without_examples(true)
-            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "Number of bits to shift left.")
+            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to shift left")
            .switch(
                "signed",
                "always treat input number as a signed number",
@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ fn shift_bytes_and_bits_left(data: &[u8], byte_shift: usize, bit_shift: usize) -
            Last | Only => lhs << bit_shift,
            _ => (lhs << bit_shift) | (rhs >> (8 - bit_shift)),
        })
-        .chain(iter::repeat_n(0, byte_shift))
+        .chain(iter::repeat(0).take(byte_shift))
        .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
 }

--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/shift_right.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/shift_right.rs
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl Command for BitsShr {
                ),
            ])
            .allow_variants_without_examples(true)
-            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "Number of bits to shift right.")
+            .required("bits", SyntaxShape::Int, "number of bits to shift right")
            .switch(
                "signed",
                "always treat input number as a signed number",
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/xor.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/bits/xor.rs
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ impl Command for BitsXor {
            .required(
                "target",
                SyntaxShape::OneOf(vec![SyntaxShape::Binary, SyntaxShape::Int]),
-                "Right-hand side of the operation.",
+                "right-hand side of the operation",
            )
            .named(
                "endian",
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/conversions/fmt.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/conversions/fmt.rs
@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;
+use nu_protocol::{report_parse_warning, ParseWarning};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Fmt;
+
+impl Command for Fmt {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "fmt"
+    }
+
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        "Format a number."
+    }
+
+    fn signature(&self) -> nu_protocol::Signature {
+        Signature::build("fmt")
+            .input_output_types(vec![(Type::Number, Type::record())])
+            .category(Category::Deprecated)
+    }
+
+    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
+        vec![]
+    }
+
+    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
+        vec![Example {
+            description: "Get a record containing multiple formats for the number 42",
+            example: "42 | fmt",
+            result: Some(Value::test_record(record! {
+                    "binary" =>   Value::test_string("0b101010"),
+                    "debug" =>    Value::test_string("42"),
+                    "display" =>  Value::test_string("42"),
+                    "lowerexp" => Value::test_string("4.2e1"),
+                    "lowerhex" => Value::test_string("0x2a"),
+                    "octal" =>    Value::test_string("0o52"),
+                    "upperexp" => Value::test_string("4.2E1"),
+                    "upperhex" => Value::test_string("0x2A"),
+            })),
+        }]
+    }
+
+    fn run(
+        &self,
+        engine_state: &EngineState,
+        stack: &mut Stack,
+        call: &Call,
+        input: PipelineData,
+    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
+        let head = call.head;
+        report_parse_warning(
+            &StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state),
+            &ParseWarning::DeprecatedWarning {
+                old_command: "fmt".into(),
+                new_suggestion: "use `format number`".into(),
+                span: head,
+                url: "`help format number`".into(),
+            },
+        );
+        crate::extra::strings::format::format_number(engine_state, stack, call, input)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_examples() {
+        use crate::test_examples;
+
+        test_examples(Fmt {})
+    }
+}
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/conversions/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/conversions/mod.rs
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+mod fmt;
+
+pub(crate) use fmt::Fmt;
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/filters/each_while.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/filters/each_while.rs
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl Command for EachWhile {
            .required(
                "closure",
                SyntaxShape::Closure(Some(vec![SyntaxShape::Any])),
-                "The closure to run.",
+                "the closure to run",
            )
            .category(Category::Filters)
    }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/filters/rotate.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/filters/rotate.rs
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ impl Command for Rotate {
            .rest(
                "rest",
                SyntaxShape::String,
-                "The names to give columns once rotated.",
+                "the names to give columns once rotated",
            )
            .category(Category::Filters)
            .allow_variants_without_examples(true)
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/filters/update_cells.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/filters/update_cells.rs
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ impl Command for UpdateCells {
            .required(
                "closure",
                SyntaxShape::Closure(Some(vec![SyntaxShape::Any])),
-                "The closure to run an update for each cell.",
+                "the closure to run an update for each cell",
            )
            .named(
                "columns",
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arccos.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arccos.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathArcCos;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathArcCos {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math arccos"
    }
@ -114,6 +114,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathArcCos {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arccosh.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arccosh.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathArcCosH;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathArcCosH {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math arccosh"
    }
@ -100,6 +100,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathArcCosH {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arcsin.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arcsin.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathArcSin;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathArcSin {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math arcsin"
    }
@ -115,6 +115,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathArcSin {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arcsinh.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arcsinh.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathArcSinH;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathArcSinH {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math arcsinh"
    }
@ -88,6 +88,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathArcSinH {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arctan.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arctan.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathArcTan;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathArcTan {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math arctan"
    }
@ -102,6 +102,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathArcTan {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arctanh.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/arctanh.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathArcTanH;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathArcTanH {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math arctanh"
    }
@ -101,6 +101,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathArcTanH {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/cos.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/cos.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathCos;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathCos {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math cos"
    }
@ -108,6 +108,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathCos {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/cosh.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/cosh.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathCosH;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathCosH {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math cosh"
    }
@ -88,6 +88,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathCosH {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/exp.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/exp.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathExp;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathExp {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math exp"
    }
@ -93,6 +93,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathExp {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/ln.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/ln.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathLn;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathLn {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math ln"
    }
@ -100,6 +100,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathLn {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/mod.rs
@ -15,19 +15,19 @@ mod arcsinh;
 mod arctan;
 mod arctanh;

-pub use cos::MathCos;
-pub use cosh::MathCosH;
-pub use sin::MathSin;
-pub use sinh::MathSinH;
-pub use tan::MathTan;
-pub use tanh::MathTanH;
+pub use cos::SubCommand as MathCos;
+pub use cosh::SubCommand as MathCosH;
+pub use sin::SubCommand as MathSin;
+pub use sinh::SubCommand as MathSinH;
+pub use tan::SubCommand as MathTan;
+pub use tanh::SubCommand as MathTanH;

-pub use exp::MathExp;
-pub use ln::MathLn;
+pub use exp::SubCommand as MathExp;
+pub use ln::SubCommand as MathLn;

-pub use arccos::MathArcCos;
-pub use arccosh::MathArcCosH;
-pub use arcsin::MathArcSin;
-pub use arcsinh::MathArcSinH;
-pub use arctan::MathArcTan;
-pub use arctanh::MathArcTanH;
+pub use arccos::SubCommand as MathArcCos;
+pub use arccosh::SubCommand as MathArcCosH;
+pub use arcsin::SubCommand as MathArcSin;
+pub use arcsinh::SubCommand as MathArcSinH;
+pub use arctan::SubCommand as MathArcTan;
+pub use arctanh::SubCommand as MathArcTanH;
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/sin.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/sin.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathSin;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathSin {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math sin"
    }
@ -108,6 +108,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathSin {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/sinh.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/sinh.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathSinH;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathSinH {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math sinh"
    }
@ -87,6 +87,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathSinH {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/tan.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/tan.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathTan;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathTan {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math tan"
    }
@ -106,6 +106,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathTan {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/tanh.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/math/tanh.rs
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct MathTanH;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for MathTanH {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "math tanh"
    }
@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(MathTanH {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/mod.rs
@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 mod bits;
+mod conversions;
 mod filters;
 mod formats;
 mod math;
 mod platform;
 mod strings;

-pub use bits::{Bits, BitsAnd, BitsNot, BitsOr, BitsRol, BitsRor, BitsShl, BitsShr, BitsXor};
+pub use bits::{
+    Bits, BitsAnd, BitsInto, BitsNot, BitsOr, BitsRol, BitsRor, BitsShl, BitsShr, BitsXor,
+};
 pub use formats::ToHtml;
 pub use math::{MathArcCos, MathArcCosH, MathArcSin, MathArcSinH, MathArcTan, MathArcTanH};
 pub use math::{MathCos, MathCosH, MathSin, MathSinH, MathTan, MathTanH};
@ -26,6 +29,8 @@ pub fn add_extra_command_context(mut engine_state: EngineState) -> EngineState {
            };
        }

+        bind_command!(conversions::Fmt);
+
        bind_command!(
            filters::UpdateCells,
            filters::EachWhile,
@ -58,6 +63,7 @@ pub fn add_extra_command_context(mut engine_state: EngineState) -> EngineState {
        bind_command! {
            Bits,
            BitsAnd,
+            BitsInto,
            BitsNot,
            BitsOr,
            BitsRol,
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/platform/ansi/gradient.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/platform/ansi/gradient.rs
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl Command for SubCommand {
            .rest(
                "cell path",
                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "For a data structure input, add a gradient to strings at the given cell paths.",
+                "for a data structure input, add a gradient to strings at the given cell paths",
            )
            .input_output_types(vec![
                (Type::String, Type::String),
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/format/bits.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/format/bits.rs
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl Command for FormatBits {
            .rest(
                "rest",
                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "For a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths.",
+                "for a data structure input, convert data at the given cell paths",
            )
            .category(Category::Conversions)
    }
@ -111,7 +111,8 @@ impl Command for FormatBits {
    }
 }

-fn format_bits(
+// TODO: crate public only during deprecation
+pub(crate) fn format_bits(
    engine_state: &EngineState,
    stack: &mut Stack,
    call: &Call,
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/format/command.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/format/command.rs
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ impl Command for FormatPattern {
            .required(
                "pattern",
                SyntaxShape::String,
-                "The pattern to output. e.g.) \"{foo}: {bar}\".",
+                "the pattern to output. e.g.) \"{foo}: {bar}\"",
            )
            .allow_variants_without_examples(true)
            .category(Category::Strings)
@ -253,11 +253,12 @@ fn format_record(
                        optional: false,
                    })
                    .collect();
-
-                let expanded_string = data_as_value
-                    .follow_cell_path(&path_members, false)?
-                    .to_expanded_string(", ", config);
-                output.push_str(expanded_string.as_str())
+                match data_as_value.clone().follow_cell_path(&path_members, false) {
+                    Ok(value_at_column) => {
+                        output.push_str(value_at_column.to_expanded_string(", ", config).as_str())
+                    }
+                    Err(se) => return Err(se),
+                }
            }
        }
    }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/format/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/format/mod.rs
@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ mod bits;
 mod command;
 mod number;

-pub(crate) use bits::FormatBits;
 pub(crate) use command::FormatPattern;
-pub(crate) use number::FormatNumber;
+// TODO remove `format_bits` visibility after removal of into bits
+pub(crate) use bits::{format_bits, FormatBits};
+// TODO remove `format_number` visibility after removal of into bits
+pub(crate) use number::{format_number, FormatNumber};
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/format/number.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/format/number.rs
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ impl Command for FormatNumber {
    }

    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        vec!["display", "render", "fmt"]
+        vec!["display", "render", "format"]
    }

    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/camel_case.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/camel_case.rs
@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use heck::ToLowerCamelCase;
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct StrCamelCase;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for StrCamelCase {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "str camel-case"
    }
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl Command for StrCamelCase {
            .rest(
                "rest",
                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths.",
+                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths",
            )
            .category(Category::Strings)
    }
@ -91,6 +91,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(StrCamelCase {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/kebab_case.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/kebab_case.rs
@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use heck::ToKebabCase;
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct StrKebabCase;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for StrKebabCase {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "str kebab-case"
    }
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl Command for StrKebabCase {
            .rest(
                "rest",
                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths.",
+                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths",
            )
            .category(Category::Strings)
    }
@ -90,6 +90,6 @@ mod tests {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(StrKebabCase {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/mod.rs
@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ mod snake_case;
 mod str_;
 mod title_case;

-pub use camel_case::StrCamelCase;
-pub use kebab_case::StrKebabCase;
-pub use pascal_case::StrPascalCase;
-pub use screaming_snake_case::StrScreamingSnakeCase;
-pub use snake_case::StrSnakeCase;
+pub use camel_case::SubCommand as StrCamelCase;
+pub use kebab_case::SubCommand as StrKebabCase;
+pub use pascal_case::SubCommand as StrPascalCase;
+pub use screaming_snake_case::SubCommand as StrScreamingSnakeCase;
+pub use snake_case::SubCommand as StrSnakeCase;
 pub use str_::Str;
-pub use title_case::StrTitleCase;
+pub use title_case::SubCommand as StrTitleCase;

 use nu_cmd_base::input_handler::{operate as general_operate, CmdArgument};
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/pascal_case.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/pascal_case.rs
@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use heck::ToUpperCamelCase;
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct StrPascalCase;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for StrPascalCase {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "str pascal-case"
    }
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl Command for StrPascalCase {
            .rest(
                "rest",
                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths.",
+                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths",
            )
            .category(Category::Strings)
    }
@ -91,6 +91,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(StrPascalCase {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/screaming_snake_case.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/screaming_snake_case.rs
@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use heck::ToShoutySnakeCase;
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct StrScreamingSnakeCase;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for StrScreamingSnakeCase {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "str screaming-snake-case"
    }
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl Command for StrScreamingSnakeCase {
            .rest(
                "rest",
                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths.",
+                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths",
            )
            .category(Category::Strings)
    }
@ -91,6 +91,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(StrScreamingSnakeCase {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/snake_case.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/snake_case.rs
@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use heck::ToSnakeCase;
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct StrSnakeCase;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for StrSnakeCase {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "str snake-case"
    }
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl Command for StrSnakeCase {
            .rest(
                "rest",
                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths.",
+                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths",
            )
            .category(Category::Strings)
    }
@ -91,6 +91,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(StrSnakeCase {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/title_case.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-extra/src/extra/strings/str_/case/title_case.rs
@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use heck::ToTitleCase;
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;

 #[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct StrTitleCase;
+pub struct SubCommand;

-impl Command for StrTitleCase {
+impl Command for SubCommand {
    fn name(&self) -> &str {
        "str title-case"
    }
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ impl Command for StrTitleCase {
            .rest(
                "rest",
                SyntaxShape::CellPath,
-                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths.",
+                "For a data structure input, convert strings at the given cell paths",
            )
            .category(Category::Strings)
    }
@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ mod test {
    fn test_examples() {
        use crate::test_examples;

-        test_examples(StrTitleCase {})
+        test_examples(SubCommand {})
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/Cargo.toml
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ repository = "https://github.com/nushell/nushell/tree/main/crates/nu-cmd-lang"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 name = "nu-cmd-lang"
-version = "0.104.1"
+version = "0.102.0"

 [lib]
 bench = false
@ -15,20 +15,16 @@ bench = false
 workspace = true

 [dependencies]
-nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.104.1", default-features = false }
-nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.104.1" }
-nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.104.1", default-features = false }
-nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.104.1", default-features = false }
+nu-engine = { path = "../nu-engine", version = "0.102.0", default-features = false }
+nu-parser = { path = "../nu-parser", version = "0.102.0" }
+nu-protocol = { path = "../nu-protocol", version = "0.102.0", default-features = false }
+nu-utils = { path = "../nu-utils", version = "0.102.0", default-features = false }

 itertools = { workspace = true }
-shadow-rs = { version = "1.1", default-features = false }
+shadow-rs = { version = "0.38", default-features = false }

 [build-dependencies]
-shadow-rs = { version = "1.1", default-features = false, features = ["build"] }
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-quickcheck = { workspace = true }
-quickcheck_macros = { workspace = true }
+shadow-rs = { version = "0.38", default-features = false }

 [features]
 default = ["os"]
@ -42,6 +38,7 @@ plugin = [
  "os",
 ]

+mimalloc = []
 trash-support = []
 sqlite = []
 static-link-openssl = []
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/README.md
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/README.md
@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ A base crate is one with minimal dependencies in our system so that other develo

 ### Background on nu-cmd-lang

-This crate was designed to be a small, concise set of tools or commands that serve as the *foundation layer* of both nu and nushell. These are the core commands needed to have a nice working version of the *nu language* without all of the support that the other commands provide inside nushell. Prior to the launch of this crate all of our commands were housed in the crate *nu-command*. Moving forward we would like to *slowly* break out the commands in nu-command into different crates; the naming and how this will work and where all the commands will be located is a "work in progress" especially now that the *standard library* is starting to become more popular as a location for commands. As time goes on some of our commands written in rust will be migrated to nu and when this happens they will be moved into the *standard library*.
+This crate was designed to be a small, concise set of tools or commands that serve as the *foundation layer* of both nu and nushell.  These are the core commands needed to have a nice working version of the *nu language* without all of the support that the other commands provide inside nushell. Prior to the launch of this crate all of our commands were housed in the crate *nu-command*. Moving forward we would like to *slowly* break out the commands in nu-command into different crates; the naming and how this will work and where all the commands will be located is a "work in progress" especially now that the *standard library* is starting to become more popular as a location for commands. As time goes on some of our commands written in rust will be migrated to nu and when this happens they will be moved into the *standard library*.
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/attr/category.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/attr/category.rs
@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct AttrCategory;
-
-impl Command for AttrCategory {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "attr category"
-    }
-
-    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build("attr category")
-            .input_output_type(Type::Nothing, Type::list(Type::String))
-            .allow_variants_without_examples(true)
-            .required(
-                "category",
-                SyntaxShape::String,
-                "Category of the custom command.",
-            )
-            .category(Category::Core)
-    }
-
-    fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        "Attribute for adding a category to custom commands."
-    }
-
-    fn run(
-        &self,
-        engine_state: &EngineState,
-        stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let arg: String = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        Ok(Value::string(arg, call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-    }
-
-    fn run_const(
-        &self,
-        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let arg: String = call.req_const(working_set, 0)?;
-        Ok(Value::string(arg, call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-    }
-
-    fn is_const(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "Add a category to a custom command",
-            example: r###"# Double numbers
-    @category math
-    def double []: [number -> number] { $in * 2 }"###,
-            result: None,
-        }]
-    }
-}
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/attr/example.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/attr/example.rs
@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct AttrExample;
-
-impl Command for AttrExample {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "attr example"
-    }
-
-    // TODO: When const closure are available, switch to using them for the `example` argument
-    // rather than a block. That should remove the need for `requires_ast_for_arguments` to be true
-    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build("attr example")
-            .input_output_types(vec![(
-                Type::Nothing,
-                Type::Record(
-                    [
-                        ("description".into(), Type::String),
-                        ("example".into(), Type::String),
-                    ]
-                    .into(),
-                ),
-            )])
-            .allow_variants_without_examples(true)
-            .required(
-                "description",
-                SyntaxShape::String,
-                "Description of the example.",
-            )
-            .required(
-                "example",
-                SyntaxShape::OneOf(vec![SyntaxShape::Block, SyntaxShape::String]),
-                "Example code snippet.",
-            )
-            .named(
-                "result",
-                SyntaxShape::Any,
-                "Expected output of example.",
-                None,
-            )
-            .category(Category::Core)
-    }
-
-    fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        "Attribute for adding examples to custom commands."
-    }
-
-    fn run(
-        &self,
-        engine_state: &EngineState,
-        stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let description: Spanned<String> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        let result: Option<Value> = call.get_flag(engine_state, stack, "result")?;
-
-        let example_string: Result<String, _> = call.req(engine_state, stack, 1);
-        let example_expr = call
-            .positional_nth(stack, 1)
-            .ok_or(ShellError::MissingParameter {
-                param_name: "example".into(),
-                span: call.head,
-            })?;
-
-        let working_set = StateWorkingSet::new(engine_state);
-
-        attr_example_impl(
-            example_expr,
-            example_string,
-            &working_set,
-            call,
-            description,
-            result,
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn run_const(
-        &self,
-        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let description: Spanned<String> = call.req_const(working_set, 0)?;
-        let result: Option<Value> = call.get_flag_const(working_set, "result")?;
-
-        let example_string: Result<String, _> = call.req_const(working_set, 1);
-        let example_expr =
-            call.assert_ast_call()?
-                .positional_nth(1)
-                .ok_or(ShellError::MissingParameter {
-                    param_name: "example".into(),
-                    span: call.head,
-                })?;
-
-        attr_example_impl(
-            example_expr,
-            example_string,
-            working_set,
-            call,
-            description,
-            result,
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn is_const(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn requires_ast_for_arguments(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "Add examples to custom command",
-            example: r###"# Double numbers
-    @example "double an int" { 2 | double } --result 4
-    @example "double a float" { 0.25 | double } --result 0.5
-    def double []: [number -> number] { $in * 2 }"###,
-            result: None,
-        }]
-    }
-}
-
-fn attr_example_impl(
-    example_expr: &nu_protocol::ast::Expression,
-    example_string: Result<String, ShellError>,
-    working_set: &StateWorkingSet<'_>,
-    call: &Call<'_>,
-    description: Spanned<String>,
-    result: Option<Value>,
-) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-    let example_content = match example_expr.as_block() {
-        Some(block_id) => {
-            let block = working_set.get_block(block_id);
-            let contents =
-                working_set.get_span_contents(block.span.expect("a block must have a span"));
-            let contents = contents
-                .strip_prefix(b"{")
-                .and_then(|x| x.strip_suffix(b"}"))
-                .unwrap_or(contents)
-                .trim_ascii();
-            String::from_utf8_lossy(contents).into_owned()
-        }
-        None => example_string?,
-    };
-
-    let mut rec = record! {
-        "description" => Value::string(description.item, description.span),
-        "example" => Value::string(example_content, example_expr.span),
-    };
-    if let Some(result) = result {
-        rec.push("result", result);
-    }
-
-    Ok(Value::record(rec, call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-}
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/attr/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/attr/mod.rs
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-mod category;
-mod example;
-mod search_terms;
-
-pub use category::AttrCategory;
-pub use example::AttrExample;
-pub use search_terms::AttrSearchTerms;
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/attr/search_terms.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/attr/search_terms.rs
@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct AttrSearchTerms;
-
-impl Command for AttrSearchTerms {
-    fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        "attr search-terms"
-    }
-
-    fn signature(&self) -> Signature {
-        Signature::build("attr search-terms")
-            .input_output_type(Type::Nothing, Type::list(Type::String))
-            .allow_variants_without_examples(true)
-            .rest("terms", SyntaxShape::String, "Search terms.")
-            .category(Category::Core)
-    }
-
-    fn description(&self) -> &str {
-        "Attribute for adding search terms to custom commands."
-    }
-
-    fn run(
-        &self,
-        engine_state: &EngineState,
-        stack: &mut Stack,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let args = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        Ok(Value::list(args, call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-    }
-
-    fn run_const(
-        &self,
-        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let args = call.rest_const(working_set, 0)?;
-        Ok(Value::list(args, call.head).into_pipeline_data())
-    }
-
-    fn is_const(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
-        vec![Example {
-            description: "Add search terms to a custom command",
-            example: r###"# Double numbers
-    @search-terms multiply times
-    def double []: [number -> number] { $in * 2 }"###,
-            result: None,
-        }]
-    }
-}
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/const_.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/const_.rs
@ -72,19 +72,6 @@ impl Command for Const {
        }
    }

-    fn run_const(
-        &self,
-        _working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        _call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        Ok(PipelineData::empty())
-    }
-
-    fn is_const(&self) -> bool {
-        true
-    }
-
    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
        vec![
            Example {
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/describe.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/describe.rs
@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 use nu_engine::command_prelude::*;
-use nu_protocol::{
-    engine::{Closure, StateWorkingSet},
-    BlockId, ByteStreamSource, Category, PipelineMetadata, Signature,
-};
-use std::any::type_name;
+use nu_protocol::{engine::StateWorkingSet, ByteStreamSource, PipelineMetadata};
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Describe;

@ -76,116 +73,39 @@ impl Command for Describe {
                    "{shell:'true', uwu:true, features: {bugs:false, multiplatform:true, speed: 10}, fib: [1 1 2 3 5 8], on_save: {|x| $'Saving ($x)'}, first_commit: 2019-05-10, my_duration: (4min + 20sec)} | describe -d",
                result: Some(Value::test_record(record!(
                    "type" => Value::test_string("record"),
-                    "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("record<shell: string, uwu: bool, features: record<bugs: bool, multiplatform: bool, speed: int>, fib: list<int>, on_save: closure, first_commit: datetime, my_duration: duration>"),
                    "columns" => Value::test_record(record!(
-                        "shell" => Value::test_record(record!(
-                            "type" => Value::test_string("string"),
-                            "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("string"),
-                            "rust_type" => Value::test_string("&alloc::string::String"),
-                            "value" => Value::test_string("true"),
-                        )),
-                        "uwu" => Value::test_record(record!(
-                            "type" => Value::test_string("bool"),
-                            "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("bool"),
-                            "rust_type" => Value::test_string("bool"),
-                            "value" => Value::test_bool(true),
-                        )),
+                        "shell" => Value::test_string("string"),
+                        "uwu" => Value::test_string("bool"),
                        "features" => Value::test_record(record!(
                            "type" => Value::test_string("record"),
-                            "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("record<bugs: bool, multiplatform: bool, speed: int>"),
                            "columns" => Value::test_record(record!(
-                                "bugs" => Value::test_record(record!(
-                                    "type" => Value::test_string("bool"),
-                                    "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("bool"),
-                                    "rust_type" => Value::test_string("bool"),
-                                    "value" => Value::test_bool(false),
-                                )),
-                                "multiplatform" => Value::test_record(record!(
-                                    "type" => Value::test_string("bool"),
-                                    "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("bool"),
-                                    "rust_type" => Value::test_string("bool"),
-                                    "value" => Value::test_bool(true),
-                                )),
-                                "speed" => Value::test_record(record!(
-                                    "type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "rust_type" => Value::test_string("i64"),
-                                    "value" => Value::test_int(10),
-                                )),
+                                "bugs" => Value::test_string("bool"),
+                                "multiplatform" => Value::test_string("bool"),
+                                "speed" => Value::test_string("int"),
                            )),
-                            "rust_type" => Value::test_string("&nu_utils::shared_cow::SharedCow<nu_protocol::value::record::Record>"),
                        )),
                        "fib" => Value::test_record(record!(
                            "type" => Value::test_string("list"),
-                            "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("list<int>"),
                            "length" => Value::test_int(6),
-                            "rust_type" => Value::test_string("&mut alloc::vec::Vec<nu_protocol::value::Value>"),
-                            "value" => Value::test_list(vec![
-                                Value::test_record(record!(
-                                    "type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "rust_type" => Value::test_string("i64"),
-                                    "value" => Value::test_int(1),
-                                )),
-                                Value::test_record(record!(
-                                    "type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "rust_type" => Value::test_string("i64"),
-                                    "value" => Value::test_int(1),
-                                )),
-                                Value::test_record(record!(
-                                    "type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "rust_type" => Value::test_string("i64"),
-                                    "value" => Value::test_int(2),
-                                )),
-                                Value::test_record(record!(
-                                    "type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "rust_type" => Value::test_string("i64"),
-                                    "value" => Value::test_int(3),
-                                )),
-                                Value::test_record(record!(
-                                    "type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "rust_type" => Value::test_string("i64"),
-                                    "value" => Value::test_int(5),
-                                )),
-                                Value::test_record(record!(
-                                    "type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("int"),
-                                    "rust_type" => Value::test_string("i64"),
-                                    "value" => Value::test_int(8),
-                                ))]
-                        ),
+                            "values" => Value::test_list(vec![
+                                Value::test_string("int"),
+                                Value::test_string("int"),
+                                Value::test_string("int"),
+                                Value::test_string("int"),
+                                Value::test_string("int"),
+                                Value::test_string("int"),
+                           ]),
                        )),
                        "on_save" => Value::test_record(record!(
                            "type" => Value::test_string("closure"),
-                            "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("closure"),
-                            "rust_type" => Value::test_string("&alloc::boxed::Box<nu_protocol::engine::closure::Closure>"),
-                            "value" => Value::test_closure(Closure {
-                                block_id: BlockId::new(1),
-                                captures: vec![],
-                            }),
                            "signature" => Value::test_record(record!(
                                "name" => Value::test_string(""),
                                "category" => Value::test_string("default"),
                            )),
                        )),
-                        "first_commit" => Value::test_record(record!(
-                            "type" => Value::test_string("datetime"),
-                            "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("datetime"),
-                            "rust_type" => Value::test_string("chrono::datetime::DateTime<chrono::offset::fixed::FixedOffset>"),
-                            "value" => Value::test_date("2019-05-10 00:00:00Z".parse().unwrap_or_default()),
-                        )),
-                        "my_duration" => Value::test_record(record!(
-                            "type" => Value::test_string("duration"),
-                            "detailed_type" => Value::test_string("duration"),
-                            "rust_type" => Value::test_string("i64"),
-                            "value" => Value::test_duration(260_000_000_000),
-                        ))
+                        "first_commit" => Value::test_string("date"),
+                        "my_duration" => Value::test_string("duration"),
                    )),
-                    "rust_type" => Value::test_string("&nu_utils::shared_cow::SharedCow<nu_protocol::value::record::Record>"),
                ))),
            },
            Example {
@ -255,9 +175,7 @@ fn run(

                Value::record(
                    record! {
-                        "type" => Value::string("bytestream", head),
-                        "detailed_type" => Value::string(type_, head),
-                        "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&stream), head),
+                        "type" => Value::string(type_, head),
                        "origin" => Value::string(origin, head),
                        "metadata" => metadata_to_value(metadata, head),
                    },
@ -274,7 +192,6 @@ fn run(
            description
        }
        PipelineData::ListStream(stream, ..) => {
-            let type_ = type_of(&stream);
            if options.detailed {
                let subtype = if options.no_collect {
                    Value::string("any", head)
@ -284,8 +201,6 @@ fn run(
                Value::record(
                    record! {
                        "type" => Value::string("stream", head),
-                        "detailed_type" => Value::string("list stream", head),
-                        "rust_type" => Value::string(type_, head),
                        "origin" => Value::string("nushell", head),
                        "subtype" => subtype,
                        "metadata" => metadata_to_value(metadata, head),
@ -314,95 +229,45 @@ fn run(
 }

 enum Description {
+    String(String),
    Record(Record),
 }

 impl Description {
    fn into_value(self, span: Span) -> Value {
        match self {
+            Description::String(ty) => Value::string(ty, span),
            Description::Record(record) => Value::record(record, span),
        }
    }
 }

 fn describe_value(value: Value, head: Span, engine_state: Option<&EngineState>) -> Value {
-    let Description::Record(record) = describe_value_inner(value, head, engine_state);
+    let record = match describe_value_inner(value, head, engine_state) {
+        Description::String(ty) => record! { "type" => Value::string(ty, head) },
+        Description::Record(record) => record,
+    };
    Value::record(record, head)
 }

-fn type_of<T>(_: &T) -> String {
-    type_name::<T>().to_string()
-}
-
 fn describe_value_inner(
-    mut value: Value,
+    value: Value,
    head: Span,
    engine_state: Option<&EngineState>,
 ) -> Description {
-    let value_type = value.get_type().to_string();
    match value {
-        Value::Bool { val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
-            "type" => Value::string("bool", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value,
-        }),
-        Value::Int { val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
-            "type" => Value::string("int", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value,
-        }),
-        Value::Float { val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
-            "type" => Value::string("float", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value,
-        }),
-        Value::Filesize { val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
-            "type" => Value::string("filesize", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value,
-        }),
-        Value::Duration { val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
-            "type" => Value::string("duration", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value,
-        }),
-        Value::Date { val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
-            "type" => Value::string("datetime", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value,
-        }),
-        Value::Range { ref val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
-            "type" => Value::string("range", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value,
-        }),
-        Value::String { ref val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
-            "type" => Value::string("string", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value,
-        }),
-        Value::Glob { ref val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
-            "type" => Value::string("glob", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value,
-        }),
-        Value::Nothing { .. } => Description::Record(record! {
-            "type" => Value::string("nothing", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string("", head),
-            "value" => value,
-        }),
-        Value::Record { ref val, .. } => {
-            let mut columns = val.clone().into_owned();
+        Value::Bool { .. }
+        | Value::Int { .. }
+        | Value::Float { .. }
+        | Value::Filesize { .. }
+        | Value::Duration { .. }
+        | Value::Date { .. }
+        | Value::Range { .. }
+        | Value::String { .. }
+        | Value::Glob { .. }
+        | Value::Nothing { .. } => Description::String(value.get_type().to_string()),
+        Value::Record { val, .. } => {
+            let mut columns = val.into_owned();
            for (_, val) in &mut columns {
                *val =
                    describe_value_inner(std::mem::take(val), head, engine_state).into_value(head);
@ -410,34 +275,25 @@ fn describe_value_inner(

            Description::Record(record! {
                "type" => Value::string("record", head),
-                "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-                "columns" => Value::record(columns.clone(), head),
-                "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
+                "columns" => Value::record(columns, head),
            })
        }
-        Value::List { ref mut vals, .. } => {
-            for val in &mut *vals {
+        Value::List { mut vals, .. } => {
+            for val in &mut vals {
                *val =
                    describe_value_inner(std::mem::take(val), head, engine_state).into_value(head);
            }

            Description::Record(record! {
                "type" => Value::string("list", head),
-                "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
                "length" => Value::int(vals.len() as i64, head),
-                "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&vals), head),
-                "value" => value,
+                "values" => Value::list(vals, head),
            })
        }
-        Value::Closure { ref val, .. } => {
+        Value::Closure { val, .. } => {
            let block = engine_state.map(|engine_state| engine_state.get_block(val.block_id));

-            let mut record = record! {
-                "type" => Value::string("closure", head),
-                "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
-                "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-                "value" => value,
-            };
+            let mut record = record! { "type" => Value::string("closure", head) };
            if let Some(block) = block {
                record.push(
                    "signature",
@ -452,37 +308,21 @@ fn describe_value_inner(
            }
            Description::Record(record)
        }
-        Value::Error { ref error, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
+        Value::Error { error, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
            "type" => Value::string("error", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
            "subtype" => Value::string(error.to_string(), head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&error), head),
-            "value" => value,
        }),
-        Value::Binary { ref val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
+        Value::Binary { val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
            "type" => Value::string("binary", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
            "length" => Value::int(val.len() as i64, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value,
        }),
-        Value::CellPath { ref val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
+        Value::CellPath { val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
            "type" => Value::string("cell-path", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
            "length" => Value::int(val.members.len() as i64, head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" => value
        }),
-        Value::Custom { ref val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
+        Value::Custom { val, .. } => Description::Record(record! {
            "type" => Value::string("custom", head),
-            "detailed_type" => Value::string(value_type, head),
            "subtype" => Value::string(val.type_name(), head),
-            "rust_type" => Value::string(type_of(&val), head),
-            "value" =>
-                match val.to_base_value(head) {
-                    Ok(base_value) => base_value,
-                    Err(err) => Value::error(err, head),
-                }
        }),
    }
 }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/do_.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/do_.rs
@ -31,6 +31,16 @@ impl Command for Do {
                "ignore errors as the closure runs",
                Some('i'),
            )
+            .switch(
+                "ignore-shell-errors",
+                "ignore shell errors as the closure runs",
+                Some('s'),
+            )
+            .switch(
+                "ignore-program-errors",
+                "ignore external program errors as the closure runs",
+                Some('p'),
+            )
            .switch(
                "capture-errors",
                "catch errors as the closure runs, and return them",
@ -61,6 +71,36 @@ impl Command for Do {
        let rest: Vec<Value> = call.rest(engine_state, caller_stack, 1)?;
        let ignore_all_errors = call.has_flag(engine_state, caller_stack, "ignore-errors")?;

+        if call.has_flag(engine_state, caller_stack, "ignore-shell-errors")? {
+            nu_protocol::report_shell_warning(
+                engine_state,
+                &ShellError::GenericError {
+                    error: "Deprecated option".into(),
+                    msg: "`--ignore-shell-errors` is deprecated and will be removed in 0.102.0."
+                        .into(),
+                    span: Some(call.head),
+                    help: Some("Please use the `--ignore-errors(-i)`".into()),
+                    inner: vec![],
+                },
+            );
+        }
+        if call.has_flag(engine_state, caller_stack, "ignore-program-errors")? {
+            nu_protocol::report_shell_warning(
+                engine_state,
+                &ShellError::GenericError {
+                    error: "Deprecated option".into(),
+                    msg: "`--ignore-program-errors` is deprecated and will be removed in 0.102.0."
+                        .into(),
+                    span: Some(call.head),
+                    help: Some("Please use the `--ignore-errors(-i)`".into()),
+                    inner: vec![],
+                },
+            );
+        }
+        let ignore_shell_errors = ignore_all_errors
+            || call.has_flag(engine_state, caller_stack, "ignore-shell-errors")?;
+        let ignore_program_errors = ignore_all_errors
+            || call.has_flag(engine_state, caller_stack, "ignore-program-errors")?;
        let capture_errors = call.has_flag(engine_state, caller_stack, "capture-errors")?;
        let has_env = call.has_flag(engine_state, caller_stack, "env")?;

@ -166,7 +206,7 @@ impl Command for Do {
                }
            }
            Ok(PipelineData::ByteStream(mut stream, metadata))
-                if ignore_all_errors
+                if ignore_program_errors
                    && !matches!(
                        caller_stack.stdout(),
                        OutDest::Pipe | OutDest::PipeSeparate | OutDest::Value
@ -178,10 +218,10 @@ impl Command for Do {
                }
                Ok(PipelineData::ByteStream(stream, metadata))
            }
-            Ok(PipelineData::Value(Value::Error { .. }, ..)) | Err(_) if ignore_all_errors => {
+            Ok(PipelineData::Value(Value::Error { .. }, ..)) | Err(_) if ignore_shell_errors => {
                Ok(PipelineData::empty())
            }
-            Ok(PipelineData::ListStream(stream, metadata)) if ignore_all_errors => {
+            Ok(PipelineData::ListStream(stream, metadata)) if ignore_shell_errors => {
                let stream = stream.map(move |value| {
                    if let Value::Error { .. } = value {
                        Value::nothing(head)
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/echo.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/echo.rs
@ -34,22 +34,13 @@ little reason to use this over just writing the values as-is."#
        call: &Call,
        _input: PipelineData,
    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let args = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
-        echo_impl(args, call.head)
-    }
-
-    fn run_const(
-        &self,
-        working_set: &StateWorkingSet,
-        call: &Call,
-        _input: PipelineData,
-    ) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-        let args = call.rest_const(working_set, 0)?;
-        echo_impl(args, call.head)
-    }
-
-    fn is_const(&self) -> bool {
-        true
+        let mut args = call.rest(engine_state, stack, 0)?;
+        let value = match args.len() {
+            0 => Value::string("", call.head),
+            1 => args.pop().expect("one element"),
+            _ => Value::list(args, call.head),
+        };
+        Ok(value.into_pipeline_data())
    }

    fn examples(&self) -> Vec<Example> {
@ -72,15 +63,6 @@ little reason to use this over just writing the values as-is."#
    }
 }

-fn echo_impl(mut args: Vec<Value>, head: Span) -> Result<PipelineData, ShellError> {
-    let value = match args.len() {
-        0 => Value::string("", head),
-        1 => args.pop().expect("one element"),
-        _ => Value::list(args, head),
-    };
-    Ok(value.into_pipeline_data())
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
    #[test]
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/hide.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/hide.rs
@ -32,10 +32,6 @@ This command is a parser keyword. For details, check:
  https://www.nushell.sh/book/thinking_in_nu.html"#
    }

-    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        vec!["unset"]
-    }
-
    fn command_type(&self) -> CommandType {
        CommandType::Keyword
    }
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/hide_env.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/hide_env.rs
@ -29,10 +29,6 @@ impl Command for HideEnv {
        "Hide environment variables in the current scope."
    }

-    fn search_terms(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
-        vec!["unset", "drop"]
-    }
-
    fn run(
        &self,
        engine_state: &EngineState,
--- a/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/nu-cmd-lang/src/core_commands/mod.rs
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 mod alias;
-mod attr;
 mod break_;
 mod collect;
 mod const_;
@ -36,7 +35,6 @@ mod version;
 mod while_;

 pub use alias::Alias;
-pub use attr::*;
 pub use break_::Break;
 pub use collect::Collect;
 pub use const_::Const;
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More